高频基片复合材料的研究进展

介绍了电路组装技术对基片的性能要求、性能影响因素及基片设计原则，评述了高频基片复合材料的发展现状，并提出未来研究工作的重点。     

液晶环氧／BMI共聚物微观结构的研究

对 BMI与二元胺扩链后与液晶环氧 (PHBHQ)形成的共聚物的微观结构进行了分析。扫描电镜 (SEM)对共聚体系冲击断面的分析表明 ,当 BMI:DDBA=1∶ 1 ,1∶ 1 .5时 ,共聚体系为“皮—芯”结构 ;当 BMI:DDBA=1∶ 2时 ,共聚体系为“互穿网络”结构。广角 X射线衍射 (WAXD)和动态力学 (DMTA)的分析表明 ,BMI/BDAP/PHBHQ体系为均相体系 ,在固化网络中 ,PHBHQ形成取向有序的介晶域 ,对裂纹起到引发、分支、终止作用     

衬底温度对共溅射法制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜晶粒生长的影响

研究了衬底温度对采用Cu2ZnSnS4靶和Cu靶共溅射制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜晶粒生长的影响。采用拉曼光谱、X射线能量色散谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和紫外 可见 近红外分光光度计对在不同衬底温度条件下制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜 的元素比例、形貌以及光学带隙进行了表征与分析。结果表明制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜晶粒生长遵循不同规律。室温衬底条件下制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜晶粒生长遵循两步法，导致颗粒尺寸和元素分布不均；而在120~200 ℃衬底温度条件下制备的Cu-Zn-Sn-S预置层在溅射过程中已有Cu2ZnSnS4晶粒形成，这些晶粒在后续硫化生长过程中起到形核点的作用， 促进了Cu2ZnSnS4晶粒的长大与元素的均匀分布。随着衬底温度的升高，Cu-Zn-Sn-S预置层及由此制备出的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜的结晶性变好，Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜的带隙先升高后减小至1.55 eV。     

Production characteristics of the “higher plants–soil-like substrate” system as an element of the bioregenerative life support system

The study addresses the possibility of long-duration operation of a higher plant conveyor, using a soil-like substrate (SLS) as the root zone. Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were used as study material. A chufa community consisting of 4 age groups and radish and lettuce communities consisting of 2 age groups were irrigated with a nutrient solution, which contained mineral elements extracted from the SLS. After each harvest, inedible biomass of the harvested plants and inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort were added to the SLS. The amounts of the inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort to be added to the SLS were determined based on the nitrogen content of the edible mass of harvested plants. CO₂ concentration in the growth chamber was maintained within the range of 1100–1700 ppm. The results of the study show that higher plants can be grown quite successfully using the proposed process of plant waste utilization in the SLS. The addition of chufa inedible biomass to the SLS resulted in species-specific inhibition of growth of both cultivated crops and microorganisms in the “higher plants – SLS” system. There were certain differences between the amounts of some mineral elements removed from the SLS with the harvested edible biomass and those added to it with the inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort.     

Testing anti-fungal activity of a soil-like substrate for growing plants in bioregenerative life support systems

The object of this research is to study a soil-like substrate (SLS) to grow plants in a Bioregenerative Life Support System (BLSS). Wheat and rice straw were used as raw materials to prepare SLS. Anti-fungal activity of SLS using test cultures of Bipolaris sorokiniana, a plant-pathogenic fungus which causes wheat root rot was studied. Experiments were conducted with SLS samples, using natural soil and sand as controls. Infecting the substrates, was performed at two levels: the first level was done with wheat seeds carrying B. sorokiniana and the second level with seeds and additional conidia of B. sorokiniana from an outside source. We measured wheat disease incidence and severity in two crop plantings. Lowest disease incidence values were obtained from the second planting, SLS: 26% and 41% at the first and the second infection levels, respectively. For soil the values were 60% and 82%, respectively, and for sand they were 67% and 74%, respectively. Wheat root rot in the second crop planting on SLS, at both infection levels was considerably less severe (9% and 13%, respectively) than on natural soil (20% and 33%) and sand (22% and 32%). SLS significantly suppressed the germination of B. sorokiniana conidia. Conidia germination was 5% in aqueous SLS suspension, and 18% in clean water. No significant differences were found regarding the impact on conidia germination between the SLS samples obtained from wheat and rice straw. The anti-fungal activity in SLS increased because of the presence of worms. SLS also contained bacteria stimulating and inhibiting B. sorokiniana growth.     

A composite focal plane assembly for the GERB instrument

In this paper, we present the design and construction of a composite focal plane assembly (FPA) for the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) Earth observing, visible–infrared imaging radiometer. The FPA is a complex structure that incorporates a number of features aimed at reducing mass, power and volume. These include the use of silicon and ceramic substrates for high density tracking and temperature stabilisation, removable test structures for component verification prior to final assembly and high levels of integration.     

ODA/TPER共聚型聚酰亚胺的合成及其性能研究

使用二元酐均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)与不同摩尔比例的两种二元胺4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)和1,3-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯(TPER)共聚制备了一系列聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,并通过乌氏粘度计、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、环境扫描电镜(SEM)、热失重分析(TGA)对其性能进行了分析表征.结果表明,TPER的引入使PI薄...     

Crystalline Silicates

One of the big surprises of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) has been discovery of crystalline silicates outside our own Solar system. It was generally assumed before that all cosmic silicates in space were of amorphous structure. Thanks to ISO we know now that crystalline silicates are ubiquitous in the Galaxy (except for the diffuse ISM) and sometimes even in very large quantities (> 50% of the small dust particles). The evolution of the crystalline silicates is still not completely clarified, but the combination of theoretical modeling and observations have already shed light on their life-cycle. The absence of crystalline silicates in the diffuse ISM provides us with information about the dust amorphization rate in the ISM.     

太阳帆板平面度测量系统的误差补偿方法

介绍了一种采用斜光学三角形测量结构和基于虚拟精密测量基准的太阳帆板平面度无接触测量系统及误差补偿方法.提出的虚拟精密基准的建模与误差补偿技术,解决了在非精密基准上实现精密测量这一难题,使得所研制的测量系统利用现有平台可实现对太阳帆板平面度的高精度测量.实际测量结果表明,该测量系统对面积为2581mm×1755mm太阳帆板的平面度测量精度达0.02mm(RMS).     

Geometric problem solving with strings and pins

Humans solve spatial and abstract problems more easily if these can be visualized and/or physically manipulated. We analyze the domain of geometric problem solving from a cognitive perspective and identify several levels of domain abstraction that interact in the problem solving process. We discuss the roles of physical manifestations of spatial configurations, their manipulation, and their perception for understanding problem solving processes. We propose an extension of the classical problem solving repertoire of constructive geometry to approach certain problems more directly than under the compass-and-straightedge paradigm. Specifically, we introduce strings and pins as helpful metaphors for a generalization of the constructive geometry approach. We present classical problems from spatial problem solving to illustrate the ‘strings and pins’ paradigm. Three case studies are discussed: strings-and-pins solutions to (i) the ellipse construction problem; (ii) the shortest path problem; and (iii) the angle trisection problem. Comparisons to formal solutions are drawn. Differences and similarities between the compass-and-straightedge paradigm and the strings-and-pins paradigm are analyzed. Features and limitations of constructive and depictive geometry as well as implications for computational approaches are discussed. The strings-and-pins domain is shown to be more general and less restrictive than the compass-and-straightedge domain.