有限元法在机械密封设计中的应用研究

对于综合考虑各种因素所设计的某型旋转燃烧室的机械密封 ,从理论上运用有限元方法对其主要部件进行了受力及变形分析计算 ,在此基础上初步确定其密封结构。然后通过试验研究方法进一步确定其结构 ,使其更适于工程应用。大大缩短了研制周期、节省了实验费用。结果表明该方法简捷有效且具有很高的实用价值。     

刷式密封二维模型数值计算

应用计入刷丝变形影响的各向异性多孔介质模型,用阻抗力表示刷丝对流动介质的阻碍作用,并将其作为Navier-Stoke方程的源项,以有限体积和SIMPLE算法为基础建立计算模型.通过流场计算,得到刷式密封的压力分布、速度分布以及泄漏量等.并根据计算结果分析结构和工况参数对刷式密封性能的影响.比较分析表明所述方法在刷式密封分析中具有实用价值.      

低泄漏高寿命刷式封严的数值计算

通过空气动力学计算方法探索新型低泄漏高寿命三层片式刷式封严结构。利用商用计算流体力学软件STAR-CD,用定常可压缩N-S方程对刷封进行三维流动模拟,计算不同压差下的泄漏情况。以泄漏量作为评价指标,确定新型刷式封严结构的密封特性并对其进行改进。计算结果表明:随着进出口压差的增大,泄漏量增大;改进的封严刷环结构泄漏性能优于简单的片式刷封结构;"70度模型"的泄漏性能略好于"75度模型",说明增加层与层间的夹角可以达到减少泄漏量的效果。      

Reliability estimation of rotary lip seal in aircraft utility system based on time-varying dependence degradation model and its experimental validation

With several attractive properties, rotary lip seals are widely used in aircraft utility system, and their reliability estimation has drawn more and more attention. This work proposes a reliability estimation approach based on time-varying dependence analysis. The dependence between the two performance indicators of rotary lip seals, namely leakage rate and friction torque, is modeled by time-varying copula function with polynomial to denote the time-varying parameters, and an efficient copula selection approach is utilized to select the optimal copula function. Parameter estimation is carried out based on a Bayesian method and the reliability during the whole lifetime is calculated based on a Monte Carlo method. Degradation test for rotary lip seal is conducted and the proposed model is validated by test data. The optimal copula function and optimal order of polynomial are determined based on test data. Results show that this model is effective in estimating the reliability of rotary lip seals and can achieve a better goodness of fit.     

Investigation of high-speed abrasion behavior of an abradable seal rubber in aero-engine fan application

Abradable seal rubber has been widely used in aero-engine fans to improve their efficiency by reducing the clearance between rotating and stationary components. To investigate the high-speed scraping behavior between a vulcanized silicone rubber and a Ti-6Al-4V fan blade and evaluate the abradable performance of seal rubber, abrasion tests were conducted at a blade tip velocity of 50–300 m/s with an incursion rate of 100 lm/s. The influences of the blade tip velocity on the wear mechanism and interaction forces were specially analyzed. It is shown that abrasive wear and pattern wear are the predominant wear mechanisms, and pattern wear can be seen as the emergence and propagation of cracks. With an increase of the blade tip velocity, both of the final incursion depth and wear mass loss of seal rubber exhibit growth trends. The gradual changes of rubbing forces with an increase of rubbing time are the characteristic of abrasive wear, and force curves with unstable mutations are a reflection of pattern wear. At a constant incursion rate of 100 lm/s, the maximum values of interaction forces decrease first and then grow with an increase of the blade tip velocity, and the blade tip velocity of 150 m/s becomes the cut-off point between abrasive wear and pattern wear.     

深度变推发动机浮动环工作适应性研究

按照我国载人航天登月需求,正在开展多次起动、10%~100%深度变推力80 k N液氧/甲烷发动机关键技术研究。氧涡轮泵作为发动机的核心组件,采用的浮动环密封变工况工作适应性将直接影响到涡轮泵工作的安全性和可靠性。依据发动机系统变推力要求,采用数值计算方法对浮动环密封进行不同推力工况、不同偏心率条件下的浮起力计算,并与一维方法计算的浮起阻力结果进行对比分析,确定全工况范围内一、二级浮动环工作时偏心率介于0.4~0.6之间,浮动环泄漏量约为2.58~39.4 g/s。浮动环在此偏心率范围内工作可靠性高,可以有效地避免浮动环碰磨、崩边,具备大范围变工况工作能力,满足涡轮泵安全性工作和发动机深度变推力工作要求,可以为涡轮泵方案论证及设计提供理论依据。     

蜂窝密封泄漏特性理论与实验

蜂窝密封的泄漏特性直接影响航空发动机的工作效率。本文采用理论分析与实验研究相结合的方法系统研究蜂窝密封的泄漏特性。建立了蜂窝密封流场特性CFD求解模型,数值分析了转速、进出口压比、蜂窝孔对边距、蜂窝孔深、蜂窝壁厚等因素对密封泄漏量的影响,揭示了蜂窝密封的封严机理。设计搭建了蜂窝密封泄漏特性实验台,实验研究了进出口压比、转速等因素对蜂窝密封泄漏特性的影响。数值分析与实验测试相互验证,在此基础上,考虑蜂窝密封泄漏特性影响因素,结合传统经典迷宫密封泄漏量Egli公式,构造了蜂窝密封泄漏量计算公式。研究结果表明,蜂窝密封的孔深、对边距和壁厚是通过影响蜂窝孔中涡系的发展和蜂窝孔的密度来影响泄漏量的。涡系发展的越充分,蜂窝孔的密度越大,蜂窝密封的泄漏量就越小;转速对蜂窝密封泄漏量影响较小;蜂窝密封的泄漏量随进出口压比的增加而增大,两者近似呈线性关系;随着蜂窝孔深度增加,蜂窝密封泄漏量先逐渐减小后逐渐趋于平稳;随着蜂窝孔对边距增加,密封泄漏量先减小,后出现了小幅度的增加;随着蜂窝壁厚的增加,蜂窝密封泄漏量先近似线性增大后缓慢增大。本文研究为蜂窝密封结构设计提供理论依据。     

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵密封组件静力学特性

为了提高液体火箭发动机涡轮泵端面密封的气检合格率,开展了密封组件的静力学特性分析。采用有限元法建立了密封端面接触分析模型,针对石墨环装配过盈量、弹簧刚度偏差与气检压力3个方面进行了仿真计算,获得了端面变形量和密封压力分布的变化规律。计算结果表明:在0.13 mm过盈量下,石墨环上端面高度差为7.2μm;弹簧刚度偏差量变化引起的动静环端面压力分布最大差值约0.1 MPa;在气检过程中密封端面呈环形的压力分布。     

一种马桶冲水阀封严涂胶装置的设计

针对故障率较高的马桶冲水阀组件（件号为14330-230）封严安装过程中涂胶步骤的技术难点，设计了以内外齿传动机构及丝杆传动机构为主要结构的涂胶装置，经过对各运动模块的分析，验证了该装置的可行性，为类似装置的设计提供了思路。     

新型涡扇发动机油封装置方案设计

油封装置是航空发动机封存的必备设备。本文介绍了某新型涡扇发动机油封装置设计方案，着重说明了该装置的技术参数、功用、系统组成和工作原理，以及该油封装置的设计特点。