面向绿色制造的高效冷却技术及其试验

绿色制造和高效加工是21世纪先进制造业的必然趋势,为实现绿色高效加工,本文提出了一种新型的绿色高效冷却技术——低温气动喷雾射流冲击冷却技术,通过低温气流运载少量冷却液以喷雾射流冲击的形式到达加工区实现强化换热,将加工区的换热水平提高到一个全新的水平.瞬态实验结果表明,在射流速度40 m/s、靶距10 mm的射流条件下,这种冷却方式可提供的临界热流密度高达60W/mm^2,相对于磨削发生烧伤的临界热流密度提高了6倍以上.     

逆升压电子设备冷却系统的微机控制

逆升压电子设备冷却系统具有两种冷却方式─—冲压空气冷却方式和空气循环冷却方式，必须要有一套控制机构来自动选择系统的冷却方式。文中分析了以往的机械传动控制方法和基于三点温度的微机控制方法，并指出这两种控制方法的缺点。最后提出一种新的基于飞行高度及马赫数的微机控制方法。     

假目标诱骗对抗反辐射导弹作战效能分析

研究多个假目标保护一个真目标(雷达)对抗反辐射导弹(ARM)的作战效能.在确定ARM瞄准方向的基础上,给出导引头在分辨目标时刻对真假目标截获概率的计算方法;推导出计算真目标受到ARM多次攻击时被杀伤概率的通用公式.研究结果表明:在评估假目标诱骗对抗ARM的效能时,必须考虑目标损失积累的影响;为提高诱骗效能,在增加假目标数量的同时,应降低其易损性,提高发射功率,并采用合理的布局方案.     

战斗机对地攻击作战效能分析

运用马尔柯夫过程理论,建立了战斗机攻击地面目标的战场想定和数学模型.通过分析战斗机的作战生存特征、打击能力和所使用的进攻战术以及各种战场防空武器系统的物理特性和损伤机理,评估了任务成功率、目标被毁率、飞机损失率以及与费用相关的最优战斗时间等作战效能指标.给出了战斗机对地攻击作战效能的计算实例.结果表明所建模型客观地描述了对地攻击作战的实质.     

穿透式冷板的传热分析

对航空电子设备上采用的空心冷板冷却系统的传热特性进行了分析求解，得到了空心冷板稳态温度分布表达工和功率－温度－流量关系式，可作为空心冷板系统的设计依据，建立了空心冷板失效的动态温度模型，得到的温度－时间响应特性可用于评估冷板系统耐热冲击性能。     

Thermal-structural analysis of regenerativelycooled thrust chamber wall in reusable LOX/Methane rocket engines

To predict the thermal and structural responses of the thrust chamber wall under cyclic work,a 3-D fluid-structural coupling computational methodology is developed.The thermal and mechanical loads are determined by a validated 3-D finite volume fluid-thermal coupling computational method.With the specified loads,the nonlinear thermal-structural finite element analysis is applied to obtaining the 3-D thermal and structural responses.The Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening model calibrated by experimental data is adopted to predict the cyclic plastic behavior of the inner wall.The methodology is further applied to the thrust chamber of LOX/Methane rocket engines.The results show that both the maximum temperature at hot run phase and the maximum circumferential residual strain of the inner wall appear at the convergent part of the chamber.Struc tural analysis for multiple work cycles reveals that the failure of the inner wall may be controlled by the low-cycle fatigue when the Chaboche model parameter γ3 =0,and the damage caused by the thermal-mechanical ratcheting of the inner wall cannot be ignored when γ3 ＞ 0.The results of sen sitivity analysis indicate that mechanical loads have a strong influence on the strains in the inner wall.     

Numerical simulations of water spray on flame deflector during the four-engine rocket launching

This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process.     

热障涂层在涡轮叶片应用中的热防护有效性

建立了含热障涂层的涡轮叶片简化传热模型,通过理论推导建立了热障涂层的有效性判据,并基于此进行了热防护有效性分析。理论分析与数值实验表明:由热障涂层带来的复合传热表面传热系数的变化会显著影响热障涂层的热防护效果；在发动机典型工况下,对于处于高温区的高压涡轮叶片前缘处,热障涂层引起的复合传热表面传热系数变化率最大值的范围为1.25%~10.83%以满足热防护有效性要求。在工程中应特别注意由于热障涂层的应用带来的复合传热表面传热系数的变化,否则会导致热防护失效,甚至产生反效果。      

高主流湍流度下密度比对涡轮导叶全气膜冷却特性的影响

为了研究高主流湍流度下二次流密度比对涡轮导叶全气膜冷却特性的影响,使用热色液晶测量了在主流湍流度为15%,二次流密度比为1.0和1.5下三维涡轮导叶的气膜冷却效率和换热系数。二次流与主流质量流量比为7.0%和12.5%。结果表明:二次流密度比增大可以降低冷气射流的动量,小流量比工况下,在叶片前缘和压力面前半段,动量较低的二次流在高主流湍流度的影响下更易耗散,增大二次流密度比使冷却效率明显降低;大流量比工况下,二次流动量降低使气膜孔后区域冷气贴附性增强,气膜冷却效率和冷气覆盖效果均得到提升。小流量比工况下,二次流密度比增大对叶片表面换热的影响较小;大流量比工况下,二次流密度比增大使吸力面中弦区域和压力面后半段的平均换热系数比分别降低15%和25%。     

无沸腾区机载喷雾冷却实验关联式研究

主要开展4种不同结构热沉表面无沸腾区机载喷雾冷却实验关联式的研究.在总结前人工作经验并搭建实验台完成实验的基础上,提出了影响喷雾冷却性能的4个无量纲参数,且通过实验数据处理得到各个热沉表面的努塞尔数无量纲关联式.给出的光滑热沉表面实验关联式的预测值与实验值偏差在±8.5%以内,并分析了各个量纲对实验关联式精度的影响.对于钻孔表面,引入传热强化系数对关联式进行修正,使得关联式的预测值能够落在偏差±15%内.另外单独给出了槽道热沉表面的实验关联式,该关联式不受槽道结构及数量的影响,且适用于水、盐类及醇类溶液.