遗传与枚举混合算法对航空发动机复合材料主轴的优化设计

针对复合材料主轴优化设计中离散与连续变量共存的问题,提出了一种遗传算法与枚举法相结合的混合算法.以某航空发动机低压涡轮轴为原型,在满足静强度指标、临界转速及外廓尺寸要求前提下,利用该混合算法对复合材料主轴的铺层角度与厚度进行优化设计,以减轻主轴质量.结果表明:对于1~10层铺层,相比于全排列算法与单一遗传算法,混合算法能再减轻质量5.54%与3.87%;且当铺层数大于6时,混合算法计算效率能最多提高3.1倍.最后分析给出复合材料铺层厚度受强度的限制,不宜太薄的建议.      

旋转通道内流阻特性实验的实现与验证

针对涡轮叶片的蛇形内冷通道内流阻特性的研究,在北京航空航天大学航空发动机气动热力国家级重点实验室的旋转涡轮叶片内冷通道换热实验台上构建了旋转工况的测压系统.该测压系统具有高精度、多路选通、高压高旋转数等特点.在通道进口雷诺数从20000~70000,旋转数从0~1.025的范围内,实验研究了旋转状态下,冷态与热态流场下方形截面光滑U形通道流阻系数.实验结果与国外同类实验对比验证了构建的实验系统的可靠性和优越性.实验结果表明:低雷诺数下静止工况的流阻随雷诺数增大而增大,并在雷诺数增大到一定值后转而减小.冷态下流阻随旋转数增大而增大,低旋转数下旋转对热态流阻影响并不显著,高旋转数下热态流阻随旋转数增大而显著增大.      

考虑应变依赖性的硬涂层复合结构有限元分析

在简要介绍硬涂层材料应变依赖性的基础上,推导了用迭代有限元法求解硬涂层复合结构动力学特性的原理,进一步提出了求解硬涂层复合结构固有频率和振动响应的计算流程,即由振动响应值来修正硬涂层材料参数,进而迭代求解硬涂层复合结构的动力学参数.最后以一个涂敷MgO+Al₂O₃硬涂层的悬臂梁为例进行了实例研究,在考虑MgO+Al₂O₃硬涂层材料应变依赖性的基础上,获得了不同激励幅度下悬臂梁的固有频率和振动响应,并与线性计算结果进行了比对.结果表明;该硬涂层复合结构悬臂梁具有软式非线性,同时,对应于不同的激励幅度,迭代计算获得的共振响应相对于线性计算值减少了29%~48%,说明硬涂层材料的应变依赖性会进一步增强硬涂层的减振效果.      

A review of recent studies on rotating internal cooling for gas turbine blades

Gas turbines have been used extensively for aircraft and marine propulsions as well as land-based power generation because of their high thermal efficiency and large power to weight ratios. To further increase the thermal efficiency, numerous prior researches on gas turbine blade internal cooling have been intensively carried out, majorly under stationary conditions. However, the stationary studies neglect the effects of Coriolis and buoyancy forces, which should change the velocity, turbulence and temperature distribution under rotating conditions. To elucidate the rotational effects on gas turbine internal cooling, the extensive results collected from recent investigations are discussed, which include the rotation and buoyancy effects on the rib turbulated cooling, pin fin cooling, jet impingement cooling, dimple/protrusion cooling, latticework cooling as well as swirl cooling. The rotational effects on the friction factors and the most employed experimental and numerical methods are also presented. Moreover, recommendations for future research are outlined. Therefore, this review article provides extensive literature information for the design of the next-generation high-efficiency internal cooling for rotating turbine blades.     

分层缺陷对复合材料层板压缩性能的影响

基于影像云纹法、表面应变测量、分级加载超声C扫描3种观测手段,对含有不同位置、尺寸、数量预制分层缺陷的复合材料层板进行了压缩试验研究,对试验中产生的子层屈曲、分层扩展、层板失稳等现象进行了细致的观察、对比与联系.结合试验结果,总结了3种不同的分层扩展模式,并基于分层扩展模式分析了子层屈曲、层板失稳等现象的产生机理.结合上述试验现象,通过比较临界失稳应力、最终破坏应力、分层纵向扩展范围等试验结果,系统地分析了分层缺陷对复合材料层板压缩性能的影响.研究结果可为复合材料结构损伤容限设计提供依据.      

一种空间极低温吸附制冷机的设计与实现

针对极低温吸附制冷技术的热沉制冷系统,系统分析了极低温吸附制冷的特性,研究了热沉温度对极低温吸附制冷性能的影响,研制了一台极低温吸附制冷机样机,工质气体为氦4,在1.5W@4.2K G-M制冷机基础上实现了50μW@0.8K的制冷性能,验证了基于机械制冷系统的更高热沉温度技术的可行性,这一成果为深空探测和载人空间站相关研究提供了技术支撑。     

多孔C/C材料发汗冷却实验研究

发汗冷却是解决高超声速飞行器关键部位热防护问题的有效方法,文章开展了以未完全致密化C/C材料作为多孔介质、水作为冷却剂的发汗冷却实验研究。设计并制备了发汗冷却平头实验模型,分别在热流密度1.1 MW/m2和1.45 MW/m2的氧-丙烷热结构考核条件下,通过测量模型内外壁温度响应,评估其发汗冷却速率。实验结果表明,冷却剂的引入极大地降低了模型内外壁温度,外壁面冷却速率高达8.8℃/s以上,未出现明显烧蚀现象。内壁面温度均保持在水沸点100℃以下,达到了可重复使用、耐长时加热的热防护要求,进一步表明了发汗冷却的巨大应用潜力。     

Wetting behavior of AgCu-4.5Ti filler reinforced by carbon nanotubes on C/C composite

The effect of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) content on the wettability of AgCu-4.5Ti + x CNTs (wt%) composite filler alloys on C/C composite was investigated. The results show that the added CNTs reacted with element Ti in the filler and produced the dispersed fine in situ synthesized TiC particles, which increased the consumption of element Ti and provided the nucleus for the growth of Ti-Cu compounds simultaneously. The above effects of introducing CNTs, inhibited the formation of Ti-Cu compounds, also changed the distribution of compounds, which dramatically influenced the interfacial microstructure and characteristics of wetting behavior. The increase of CNTs content refined and dispersed coarse Ti-Cu compounds, decreased the initial spreading temperature, and improved the wettability, but high content of CNTs (more than 0.3wt%) decreased the wettability of the filler alloy. The wetting interfacial microstructure of corresponding composite filler alloys were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), which consisted of TiC, TiCu, TiCu₂ and TiCu₄ compound. The typical wetting behavior of AgCu-4.5Ti + 0.3wt% CNTs composite filler on C/C composite was divided into four stages. The effect mechanism of CNTs content on the wetting behavior was proposed.