红蓝光敏探测器空间环境效应探测数据分析

红蓝光敏太阳电池空间环境效应探测器利用镓铟磷和三结砷化镓太阳电池来探测空间污染、原子氧和辐射环境及效应,搭载在中国空间技术研究院自主研制的“新技术验证一号”卫星上。文章通过分析红蓝光敏探测器在轨1年时间的探测数据,得到如下结论：红蓝光敏探测器污染电池板功率下降2.7%,等效污染累积增加量2.23×10^-5 g/cm^2,日均6×10^-8 g/cm^2;原子氧探测器在轨道高度499.226 km运行11个月,原子氧积分通量探测数据为9.7×10^20 AO/cm^2;辐射效应探测器（三结砷化镓太阳电池）在轨1年后累计接受辐射剂量（等效1 MeV电子注量）5.49×10^11 e/cm^2。     

一种芯片原子钟专用锁相倍频器研究与设计实现

分析了倍频器对芯片原子钟稳定度指标的影响,并以此提出了对倍频器的设计要求。介绍了国内外几种典型的原子钟倍频器,提出了一种基于撞-D调制的芯片原子钟专用锁相倍频器方案,并采用分离器件对该方案进行了验证,实现了与传统铷钟物理系统的闭环锁定,铷原子频标稳定度指标达4.7E-12/s,能满足原子钟的研制需求。基于该方案开展了倍频器芯片的设计和流片,实现了3.4GHz的芯片原子钟专用芯片,与物理系统进行联调锁定后稳定度指标达5.5E-11/s,表明该芯片可满足芯片原子钟的设计要求。     

CPT铯原子钟微波信号源设计与分析

CPT原子钟由于其体积小、功耗低等优点广泛应用于通信、导航及数据传输等领域。本文采用数字锁相倍频的方法,根据CPT铯原子钟对微波信号的需求设计了一种中心频率为4 596MHz的信号源,并对其输出信号的相位噪声进行了分析。经测试,信号源电路尺寸为30mm×50mm,功耗小于200mW,输出微波功率范围为（-20~-5）dBm,输出信号噪声与理论分析相符,杂散抑制满足设计要求,调制信号频率为500Hz,可用于CPT铯原子钟。     

Statistical properties of the IMF clock angle in the solar wind with northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field based on ACE observation from 1998 to 2009: Dependence on the temporal scale of the solar wind

Utilizing ACE satellite observations from 1998 to 2009, we performed the elaborate study on the properties of the clock angle θ_CA (arctan(By/Bz) (?90° to 90°) of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the solar wind at 1?AU. The solar wind with northward IMF (NW-IMF) and southward IMF (SW-IMF) are analyzed, independently. Statistical analysis shows that the solar wind with SW-IMF and NW-IMF has similar properties in general, including their durations, the IMF Bz and By components, and the IMF θ_CA. Then, the solar wind with NW-IMF (SW-IMF) is classified into five different temporal scales according to the duration of the NW-IMF (SW-IMF), i.e., very-short wind of 10–30?min, short-scale wind of 0.5–1?h, moderate-scale wind of 1–3?h, long-scale wind of 3–5?h, and super-long wind >5?h. Our analysis reveals that the IMF θ_CA has a distinct decrease with increase of the temporal scale of the solar wind. Next, the solar wind is classified into two groups, i.e., the high-speed solar wind (>450?km/s) and the low-speed solar wind (<450?km/s). Our analysis indicates that the IMF θ_CA depends highly on the solar wind speed. Statistically, high-speed solar wind tends to have larger IMF θ_CA than low-speed solar wind. The evolutions of the solar wind and IMF with the solar activity are further studied, revealing no clear solar variation of the IMF θ_CA. Finally, we analyze the monthly variation of the IMF θ_CA. Superposed epoch result strongly suggests the seasonal variation of the IMF θ_CA.     

LEO enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS) for real-time precise positioning services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in many geosciences areas with its Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. However, GNSS still has its own bottleneck, such as the long initialization period of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) without dense reference network. Recently, the concept of PNTRC (Positioning, Navigation, Timing, Remote sensing and Communication) has been put forward, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are recruited to fulfill diverse missions. In navigation aspect, a number of selected LEO satellites can be equipped with a transmitter to transmit similar navigation signals to ground users, so that they can serve as GNSS satellites but with much faster geometric change to enhance GNSS capability, which is named as LEO constellation enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS). As a result, the initialization time of PPP is expected to be shortened to the level of a few minutes or even seconds depending on the number of the LEO satellites involved. In this article, we simulate all the relevant data from June 8th to 14th, 2014 and investigate the feasibility of LeGNSS with the concentration on the key issues in the whole data processing for providing real-time PPP service based on a system configuration with fourteen satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), twenty-four satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and sixty-six satellites of the Iridium satellite constellations. At the server-end, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Precise Clock Estimation (PCE) with various operational modes are investigated using simulated observations. It is found out that GNSS POD with partial LEO satellites is the most practical mode of LeGNSS operation. At the user-end, the Geometry Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) and Signal-In-Space Ranging Error (SISRE) are calculated and assessed for different positioning schemes in order to demonstrate the performance of LeGNSS. Centimeter level SISRE can be achieved for LeGNSS.     

基于RBF神经网络的自适应PID星钟热控制

星钟的频率稳定性决定了星钟提供时间信息的精度,而频率稳定性取决于星钟物理核心温度的稳定程度.基于RBF神经网络逼近星钟热模型,设计自适应PID控制方法实现星钟物理核心的温度控制.仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

CPT原子钟微波信号的设计和分析

根据被动型相干布居囚禁原子钟对微波信号的要求,利用小数分频锁相环技术实现了微波频率综合,并通过优化环路带宽得到最佳的输出相噪。测试结果表明:3 417 MHz微波输出在100 Hz处的相位噪声达到-80 dBc;中心频率±50 kHz范围内的杂散抑制达到54 dB,都接近于理论值。将产生的微波用于所研制的CPT原子钟,获得频率稳定度达到1 000 s内6×10-11-1/2,为目前国外商品钟水平。     

原子氧环境对石英晶体微量天平性能影响的分析

随着高可靠、长寿命航天器的发展,对在轨污染检测的要求也越来越高。石英晶体微量天平是分子污染检测的重要工具,为了分析了解原子氧对石英晶体微量天平的影响,文章用理论分析和试验的方法对石英晶片在1×1020 atom/cm2注量的原子氧辐照条件下的性能变化进行了研究。试验证明,石英晶体微量天平在总注量1020 atom/cm2量级的原子氧辐照后,其振荡频率和等效阻容感发生了一定变化,但仍具备污染传感能力和频率输出能力,其功能不受影响。     

空间原子氧环境效应模拟方法

原子氧是近地轨道中一种极为恶劣的空间环境,地面模拟与数值模拟是进行原子氧环境效应研究的常用方法。文章调研分析了国内外在空间原子氧地面模拟与数值模拟方面的最新进展及所采用的关键技术,提出国内今后在地面模拟方面应着力建立有效的试验方法与寿命预示方法,为今后航天器选材试验提供技术基础;在数值模拟方面应以工程应用为指导,以试验结果为基础,逐步建立起合理有效的数值模拟方法。     

空间聚四氟乙烯的真空紫外辐射及其与原子氧的复合效应研究

聚四氟乙烯是航天器上常用的一种聚合物材料。在空间环境效应地面模拟试验设备中 ,对这种材料开展了真空紫外辐射、真空紫外辐射与原子氧复合效应的试验研究 ,总结和分析了试验前后试样外观、质量、光学参数和表面成分等方面的变化规律 ,并对真空紫外辐射及其与原子氧复合作用的过程和反应机理做了初步的分析。得出结论 :真空紫外辐射作用下试样表面积累了碳而发生暗化 ,原子氧又将其漂白 ,这两种因素的复合作用 ,可能会使Teflon材料产生更为严重的剥蚀。