返回舱再入过程密封舱气体泄漏计算研究

为分析返回舱再入过程中密封舱漏孔内外压差,并对漏孔变流量充气过程进行研究,采用离散化分析方法将返回舱再入过程分成若干个阶段,针对容积为14 m~3的密封舱和面积为10 cm~2的漏孔,计算并获得了密封舱内外压差、漏孔质量流率、漏孔流速等参数在50~5 km范围内随高度下降的变化规律。结果表明:在高度5 km开伞时刻,漏孔质量流率达到最大值0.134 kg/s,舱内外压差趋近于最大值,约20 172 Pa;返回舱下降过程中漏孔流速在148.4~181.5 m/s之间,处于亚声速区;漏孔气体流速与漏孔面积大小无关,仅与漏孔内外压力及漏孔进口空气密度有关。以上研究结果可为密封舱结构强度设计、伞舱弹伞设计提供参考。     

An intelligent control method for a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin

The structure and characteristics of a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are introduced.Due to the diffculties of control methods and the easily damaged characteristics,control systems for the large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are diffcult to be controlled quickly and accurately with a classical PID algorithm.Considering the dynamic state characteristics of the environmental simulation test chamber,a lumped parameter model of the control system is established to accurately control the multiple parameters of the environmental chamber and a fuzzy control algorithm combined with expert-PID decision is introduced into the temperature,pressure,and rotation speed control systems.Both simulations and experimental results have shown that compared with classical PID control,this fuzzy-expert control method can decrease overshoot as well as enhance the capacity of anti-dynamic disturbance with robustness.It can also resolve the contradiction between rapidity and small overshoot,and is suitable for application in a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin control system.     

波音737CL飞机模拟式座舱压力控制系统部件预防性维修与控制

针对波音737CL飞机模拟式座舱压力控制系统部件老龄化问题,提出部件预防性维修措施．减少因部件内部元器件老化造成的重复性故障,供业内同行参考。     

空客A320飞机客舱门指示故障分析

飞机在运行过程中,舱门指示系统的正常工作是保障飞机安全和平稳运行的重要因素之一。本文通过对一起空客A320系列飞机客舱门指示故障的介绍,从故障现象、系统原理、排故过程等方面进行了分析和总结。     

基于天地一体化信息网络的智能航空客运系统

计算机小型化、物联网、无线宽带通信、人工智能技术近年来发展迅速，对社会产生了巨大影响，作为使能技术，其在航空上的应用将对飞机设计、飞机飞行和维修保障等领域产生革命性的变革。未来的飞机将具有强大的信息智能感知和处理能力，依托天地一体化信息网络实现多维度物联，并结合智能地面系统，共同完成智能飞行、智能维护和智能运营等业务流程。本文总结了上述新技术的发展现状及其航空应用前景，提出了基于天地一体化信息网络的智能航空客运系统的概念，设计了系统架构，描绘了典型应用场景，识别了关键技术并指出了面临的挑战。研究成果有助于飞机制造商更好地设计面向未来的智能飞机，也有助于航空公司对智能飞机进行高效的运营和管理。     

Efficacy of oxygen-supplying capacity of Azolla in a controlled life support system

Azolla shows high growth and propagation rates, strong photosynthetic O₂-releasing ability and high nutritional value. It is suitable as a salad vegetable and can be cultured on a multi-layered wet bed. Hence, it possesses potential as a fresh vegetable, and to release O₂ and absorb CO₂ in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System in space. In this study, we investigated the O₂-providing characteristics of Azolla in a closed chamber under manned, controlled conditions to lay a foundation for use of Azolla as a biological component in ground simulation experiments for space applications. A closed test chamber, representing a Controlled Ecological Life Support System including an Azolla wet-culture device, was built to measure the changes in atmospheric O₂ and CO₂ concentrations inside the chamber in the presence of coexisting Azolla, fish and men. The amount of O₂ consumed by fish was 0.0805–0.0831 L kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ and the level of CO₂ emission was 0.0705–0.0736 L kg⁻¹ h⁻¹; O₂ consumption by the two trial volunteers was 19.71 L h⁻¹ and the volume of respiration-released CO₂ was 18.90 L h⁻¹. Under 7000–8000 Lx artificial light and Azolla wet-culture conditions, human and fish respiration and Azolla photosynthesis were complementary, thus the atmospheric O₂ and CO₂ concentrations inside chamber were maintained in equilibrium. The increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration in the closed chamber enhanced the net photosynthesis efficiency of the Azolla colony. This study showed that Azolla has strong photosynthetic O₂-releasing ability, which equilibrates the O₂ and CO₂ concentrations inside the chamber in favor of human survival and verifies the potential of Azolla for space applications.     

大飞机四轮升压制冷系统焓参数法匹配计算

国外先进民机座舱制冷系统已采用高性能四轮升压式高压除水制冷系统.针对传统的系统参数匹配方法复杂的特点,引入焓参数法建立了四轮升压式高压除水制冷系统匹配计算模型,用所建模型进行了匹配计算,并分析了流比、风扇功率比参数和涡轮功率比参数对系统性能的影响.计算结果表明:用焓代替温度作为系统各附件热力计算的状态参数,使得物理概念清晰,匹配过程简单,编程易于实现.避免了重复计算各附件连接点湿空气的饱和含湿量,简化了换热器的热力计算过程.研究成果为大飞机的研制提供了一定的理论指导.     

民用飞机客舱构型选装方案研讨

对客舱构型选装的重要性、安全性和经济性进行分析,阐述在低运营及维护成本的条件下,如何实现客舱的先进性和舒适性,从而满足航空公司的品牌要求、业务战略要求和其他要求。并针对低成本航空公司提出了切实可行的客舱构型选装的初步方案,给目前低成本航空公司的发展提供一定的参考价值。     

飞行器舱室突发污染源定位及强度估计方法研究

诸如载人航天器及大型民机等飞行器密闭微环境,随着人员停留时间的延长,舱室空 气污染问题已成为危害工作人员生命安全的主要因素,所以迫切需要开展突发不确定污染源 定位及散发强度辨识方法研究,以提高主动应对突发污染的能力。提出采用敏感性分析 算法实现突发污染源定位及散发强度估计,还分析了不同位置处的传感器可辨识区域, 以确定最优传感器布置策略。上述研究能够实现污染源散发特性的快速准确辨识,为主动应 对污染事故提供依据。仿真结果证实了该算法的有效性。
     

目标飞行器舱内流场设计验证与评价

目标飞行器密封舱内流场设计是实现舱内温湿度控制、污染物扩散的基本途径,是保证长期在轨驻留航天员热舒适性的重要手段。文章分析确定了目标飞行器流场设计地面验证的等温化试验准则,通过保证流场温差不大于1 ℃,降低地面自然对流的影响,使微重力环境下工作的流场设计在地面环境得到有效验证。结果表明,航天员活动区88.3%区域风速在0.08～0.5 m/s之间,睡眠区风速均在0.08～0.2 m/s之间,均满足指标要求。目标飞行器流场最佳风速范围（0.076～0.203 m/s）所占比例为82.8%,优于国际空间站各舱段最佳风速范围所占比例。