镍基耐高温自润滑刷式封严涂层研究

为满足先进航空发动机刷式封严对涂层材料自润滑耐磨性能的要求,采用等离子喷涂技术制备了NiCoCrAlY-Cr_2O_3和NiCoCrAlY-Cr_2O_3-AgMo两种复合涂层;采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱和高温摩擦磨损试验等分析测试手段研究了涂层的物相组成、微观结构、力学性能以及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:研制的两种新型涂层具有较低的孔隙率、较高的显微硬度和结合强度,从20℃到800℃的磨损量都在10~(-5)mm~3·N~(-1)·m~(-1)数量级,显示出优异的耐磨性能;NiCoCrAlY-Cr_2O_3涂层在摩擦系数随着温度的升高而降低,在800℃达到最低值0.3;NiCoCrAlY-Cr_2O_3-AgMo涂层从400~800℃的摩擦系数一直保持在0.23左右。对其摩擦机理的研究表明:400℃时涂层与高温合金GH4145对磨件之间形成连续的含Ag润滑膜,600℃以上时摩擦表面生成的Ag_2MoO_4自润滑相显著降低了涂层的摩擦和磨损。     

火箭涡轮泵机械密封研究综述

机械密封作为一种适合在苛刻工况下使用的轴封形式,在火箭各类涡轮泵中得到了广泛应用。涡轮泵的特殊性给机械密封的应用带来了一系列问题。对火箭涡轮泵机械密封方面的研究概况进行简述。首先从高速旋转轴系中的机械密封动力学方面,介绍了高速工况下轴系与机械密封的耦合关系和机械密封主动控制的尝试;然后对火箭涡轮泵机械密封中的摩擦磨损与润滑问题进行了介绍,涉及高速摩擦磨损下的可靠性、热力耦合与变形问题、材料配副、流体膜形成机理与端面几何特征优化等各方面问题;最后介绍了涡轮泵带压长期贮存的工作特点造成的静态慢渗问题。     

Reliability estimation of mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty

The reliability estimation of mechanical seals is of crucial importance due to their wide applications in pumps in various mechanical systems. Failure of mechanical seals might cause leakage, and might lead to system failure and other relevant consequences. In this study, the reliability estimation for mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty is proposed. The friction torque and leakage rate are two degradation performance indicators of mechanical seals that can be described by the Wiener process, Gamma process, and inverse Gaussian process. The dependence between the two indicators can be described by different copula functions. Then the model uncertainty is considered in the reliability estimation using the Bayesian Model Average (BMA) method, while the unknown parameters in the model are estimated by Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. A numerical simulation study and fatigue crack study are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the BMA method to capture model uncertainty. A degradation test of mechanical seals is conducted to verify the proposed model. The optimal stochastic process models for two performance indicators and copula function are determined based on the degradation data. The results show the necessity of using the BMA method in degradation modeling.     

Dynamic performance of a C/C composite finger seal in a tilting mode

The complex operating state of aeroengines has an impact on the performance of finger seals.However,little work has been focused on the issue and the dynamic performance of finger seals is also rarely studied.Therefore,a distributed mass equivalent model considering working conditions is proposed in this paper for solving the existing problems.The effects of the fiber bundle density and the preparation direction of the fiber bundle of a C/C composite on the dynamic performance of a finger seal are investigated in rotor tilt based on the proposed model.The difference between the C/C composite finger seal performances under the rotor precession and nutation tilt cases is also investigated.The results show that the fiber bundle density and the preparation direction of the fiber bundle have an influence on the dynamic performance of the finger seal as rotor tilt is considered,and the dynamic performance of the finger seal is different in the two kinds of tilting modes.In addition,a novel method for design of finger seals is presented based on the contact pressure between finger boots and the rotor.Finger seals with good leakage rates and low wear can be acquired in this method.     

流体动压密封设计

基于有限元Matlab软件平台对流体动压密封进行了计算机数值仿真分析与计算,研究了流体动压密封动环对数螺旋槽半径和螺旋角与流体动压密封开启力和泄漏量之间的关系,得出了流体动压密封设计准则;通过激光打标工艺试验得出了激光打标刻蚀对数螺旋槽的工艺规范,采用该工艺规范加工出的对数螺旋槽动环满足设计要求。流体动压密封介质运转试验结果表明:流体动压密封有限元Matlab计算机数值仿真分析与计算是合理的,流体动压密封设计和工艺规范是正确和有效的。     

Effects of tooth bending damage on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals

Tooth bending damage resulting from an intense impact by the rotor sometimes occurs in the transient operation. To investigate the influence of after-damage clearance and tooth bending length on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals, three tooth bending damages were taken into consideration, including the unbent tooth damage (abbreviated as Unbent), the partial tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Pbent) and the complete tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Cbent). The transient CFD solution was utilized to calculate the leakage flow rates and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals with clearances of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mm for three tooth bending damages. The obtained result shows that the Unbent tooth damage leaks least while the Pbent tooth bending damage leaks most, and an increase of 6.1% for Cbent tooth bending damage and an increase of 19.4% for Pbent tooth bending damage are discovered at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm in comparison with the Unbent tooth damage. Compared to the Unbent tooth damage, the effective damping for Pbent tooth bending damage and Cbent tooth bending damage is lower and drops by 9.7%–33.6% and 8.5%–22.6% respectively at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm, suggesting that Pbent tooth bending damage or Cbent tooth bending damage tends to weaken the seal stability when compared to the Unbent tooth damage.     

基于ALE流固耦合方法的刷式密封泄漏特性理论与实验研究

现有刷式密封流固耦合求解模型因刷丝变形接触导致网格畸变而难以计算。本文提出了基于ALE (Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler)流固耦合方法考虑刷丝变形接触的三维瞬态双向流固耦合求解模型,设计搭建了刷式密封泄漏特性和可观测刷丝运动轨迹的实验装置。实验研究了刷式密封刷丝运动状态对泄漏特性的影响,不同压比条件下的泄漏特性变化规律,在验证刷式密封流固耦合求解模型准确性基础上,数值分析了不同时刻刷式密封速度分布与刷丝运动状态,并研究了不同结构参数对泄漏特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:基于ALE流固耦合方法解决了传统刷式密封求解模型因刷丝变形接触导致网格畸变而难以计算的问题,可准确计算刷式密封流场特性和力学特性;刷式密封刷丝吹下效应会降低泄漏量,刷丝颤振现象主要发生在气流入口处的前排刷丝域,会引起泄漏量增大,在气流力作用下,刷丝束轴向厚度变小,有利于减小泄漏量;在本文研究条件下,刷丝固定端与自由端的中间部位最先发生变形,随着时间的变化,气流速度逐渐趋于稳定,最大速度出现在末排刷丝与后挡板接触位置,刷丝自由端变形最大;刷式密封泄漏量随径向密封间隙的增大而增大,与径向密封间隙0mm时相比,径向密封间隙0.2mm时泄漏量增加了51.6%～62.8%。随着刷丝排数的增大,泄漏量逐渐减小,当刷丝排数大于25排时,其对泄漏量影响较小。随着刷丝间隙、刷丝与后挡板之间的轴向间隙、后挡板保护高度的增大,泄漏量先逐渐增大后趋于平缓。     

有无蜂窝的直通斜齿流动特性旋转实验研究

为了研究蜂窝对直通斜齿流动特性的影响,在光滑衬套和蜂窝衬套条件下的高速旋转篦齿实验台上,分别测量了工作间隙和流动特性随转速0～8700r/min和压比1.1～1.5的变化规律。实验结果表明:随着转速的增加,泄漏量下降了约50%,流量系数下降了约25%,风阻温升达到40K;随着压比的增加,泄漏量和流量系数也相应增加;蜂窝衬套相对于光滑衬套,流量下降了约20%,流量系数下降了约10%,风阻温升差异微小。蜂窝可以使篦齿流量及流量系数降低,提升封严性能,对风阻温升影响很小。     

表面粗糙度对航空液压作动器密封性能的影响

航空液压作动器普遍应用在飞机机翼、舱门、起落架等部位,往复密封为其典型密封形式,密封失效会 严重影响飞机任务的执行和飞行安全。密封副表面粗糙度是重要的工程可控参数且对于密封性能的影响很 大,因此分析表面粗糙度对作动器密封性能的影响具有重要的理论和实际意义。建立适用于往复组合密封的 确定性混合润滑数值仿真模型,并与有限元分析方法结合计算膜厚值,分析密封圈表面粗糙的幅值和波长变化 以及运动速度和液压油黏度变化对密封圈润滑性能和密封性能的影响。结果表明:正弦粗糙表面的幅值和波 长增大,会引起油膜压力和油膜厚度波动的幅值增大,但会减小摩擦系数;正弦粗糙表面的幅值增大,有利于减 小密封间隙的最小膜厚和泄漏量,但是波长变化的影响作用不大;液压油黏度和活塞运动速度增大,有利于增 大密封间隙油膜厚度,但会增大泄漏量和摩擦系数。     

浮环密封泄漏特性数值计算与试验

为了研究不同压差、温度和转速下浮环密封的泄漏特性,建立了CFD数值计算模型,计算分析了某型航空发动机浮环密封泄漏特性。针对转速引起的泄漏量变化,提出了通过有限元方法计算不同转速下密封跑道的离心膨胀量对流场尺寸进行更改;针对温度、压差引起的流体状态参数改变,通过状态方程进行计算,并对本构方程中相关参数进行重新确定。为有效验证数值计算模型的有效性,进行了全工况条件下浮环密封泄漏特性试验。结果表明:随着压差升高,数值计算得到的泄漏量不断趋近试验结果,在压差大于等于0.1 MPa后,数值计算得到的泄漏量与试验结果的平均偏差在6.08%~9.43%。