飞机前轮随滑行速度限偏的分析研究

飞机在起飞降落阶段前轮偏度过大会发生侧翻,应根据滑跑速度合理限制前轮的偏度。基于侧翻现象发生的原理,通过分析起飞降落阶段前轮偏转时飞机相对侧翻轴的合力矩,得到前轮极限滚动方向偏度;建立前轮滚动方向偏度和偏转角度的关系,计算起飞降落状态下各速度的前轮限偏角度以及考虑飞机螺旋桨不对称滑流的前轮中立位,得到前轮的偏转范围。结果表明：计算得到的前轮限偏范围符合前轮限偏的一般特性,能够防止侧翻的同时最大保留前轮纠偏能力。     

轴向间距对压气机通道堵塞及总性能的影响

为了研究转静子叶片排之间的轴向间距对压气机内部流动堵塞及气动性能的影响,选取某单级轴流压气机为研究对象,采用多通道非定常数值计算方法对其5种不同轴向间距下的内部流场进行了全三维数值模拟。结果表明:在每一种轴向间距下,当压气机节流至某一工况之后,压气机通道内的流动堵塞区主要集中在转子叶顶间隙区域和动叶吸力面尾缘附近以及静叶吸力面轮毂角区内;在同一流量下,随着轴向间距的减小,转子叶根吸力面尾缘处的流动堵塞区有所扩大,但转子叶顶间隙区域及静叶吸力面轮毂角区内的流动堵塞区体积却不断减小,压气机通道内回流区的总体积也随之减小,其结果是压气机的静压升能力和流动稳定性增强且效率增大。通过进一步研究发现:在同一流量下,当轴向间距减小时,转子叶顶间隙区域内的主流轴向动量增大且泄漏流的轴向动量减小,其结果是转子叶顶间隙区域内流动堵塞区的体积减小。     

低速轴流压气机转子尾迹三维动态测量

对一台低速轴流压气机的转子尾迹进行了三维动态测量,采用锁相平均、方均根和功率谱密度等分析方法对低速轴流压气机转子在节流过程中尾迹流场的稳态和动态特征进行了研究.结果显示:在绝对坐标系下,转子尾迹有高总压和高方均根特征,且在不同叶高的强度不同;转子尾迹与主流的掺混作用导致平均总压升系数的快速衰减;功率谱密度分析表明,在接近失速点时,转子尾迹90%叶高以上出现0.5倍叶片通过频率的特征频带且其功率随着流量减小而增大.      

Polyhedron tracking and gravity tractor asteroid deflection

In the wake of the Chelyabinsk airburst, the defense against hazardous asteroids is becoming a topic of high interest. This work improves the gravity tractor asteroid deflection approach by tracking realistic small body shapes with tilted ion engines. An algorithm for polyhedron tracking was evaluated in a fictitious impact scenario. The simulations suggest a capability increase up to 38.2% with such improved tilting strategies. The long- and short-term effects within polyhedron tracking are illustrated. In particular, the orbital reorientation effect is influential when realistic asteroid shapes and rotations are accounted for. Also analyzed is the subject of altitude profiles, a way to tailor the gravity tractor performance, and to achieve a steering ability within the B-plane. A novel analytical solution for the classic gravity tractor is derived. It removes the simulation need for classic tractor designs to obtain comparable two body model Δv$\mathrm{\Delta }v$ figures. This paper corroborates that the asteroid shape can be exploited for maximum performance. Even a single engine tilt adjustment at the beginning of deflection operations yields more deflection than a fixed preset tilt.     

双后掠鸭翼气动特性的数值模拟

首先针对具有中等前缘后掠角梯形鸭翼的缺点提出双后掠鸭翼概念,然后分别对安装梯形鸭翼和双后掠鸭翼的近距耦合鸭式布局的气动性能进行数值模拟研究,分析影响双后掠鸭翼气动性能的流动机理。研究表明：在大迎角时,对于双后掠鸭翼,具有较大前缘后掠角的外翼段可以使鸭翼涡在涡核破裂后仍能形成稳定集中涡并保持较高的强度,增加鸭翼本身的失速迎角,并通过诱导作用改善机翼外翼段流场,进而提高全机大迎角性能,但在小迎角时会破坏鸭翼附着流或前缘气泡涡的发展,造成略微的升力损失。拥有较大失速迎角的双后掠鸭翼在小迎角时具有较大的可用偏度,可以增强布局的抬头控制能力。双后掠鸭翼在满足隐身约束的前提下,超声速阻力较小,具有较好的超声速性能。     

Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectory for asteroid deflection missions

Asteroid deflection techniques are essential in order to protect the Earth from catastrophic impacts by hazardous asteroids. Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories is considered as one of the key technologies to successfully deflect potentially hazardous asteroids. In this paper, we address a general framework for the rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories for future asteroid deflection missions. The design and optimization process includes three closely associated steps. Firstly, shape-based approaches and genetic algorithm (GA) are adopted to perform preliminary design, which provides a reasonable initial guess for subsequent accurate optimization. Secondly, Radau pseudospectral method is utilized to transcribe the low-thrust trajectory optimization problem into a discrete nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Finally, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is used to efficiently solve the nonlinear programming problem and obtain the optimal low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories. The rapid design and optimization algorithms developed in this paper are validated by three simulation cases with different performance indexes and boundary constraints.     

吸附式低反动度轴流压气机气动设计方法在多级轴流压气机中的应用

随着对吸附式低反动度轴流压气机内部流动细节的逐步深入,进一步完善了多级吸附式低反动度轴流压气机气动设计思想,完成了3级吸附式低反动度轴流压气机气动设计.三维黏性的数值计算结果表明:在第1级动叶入口叶尖切线速度为370m/s的前提下,通过只在首级静叶和末级静叶中进行附面层抽吸,实现了总压比为6.1的3级吸附式低反动度轴流压气机气动设计.附面层总抽吸流量占入口流量的11.3%.在不考虑附面层抽吸对流动效率影响的前提下,3级效率达到88.1%.      

轴流风扇/压气机管道周向声模态的测量

利用管道内部周向均匀分布的麦克风阵列对某单级风扇在高背景噪声和较大硬壁反射条件下的管道周向声模态进行了实验测量.利用与参考信号互相关(CC)模态分解技术和传统的方均根(RMS)模态分解技术得到了主要的周向声模态振幅.通过与Tyler和Sofrin的理论分析对比,发现在高背景噪声和较大硬壁反射条件下,两种模态分解技术都能获得较为理想的模态分解结果;并且发现CC模态分解技术获得的模态振幅较低,初步分析这是由于和RMS模态分解技术相比,CC模态分解技术可以降低随机噪声对模态振幅分解结果的影响.此外,周向麦克风个数大于所要分解周向声模态阶数的4倍时,使用CC模态分解技术获得的模态振幅误差可以控制在1dB之内.      

紧连阀轴流压气机变转速过失速瞬态模型

为了给各种压气机喘振主动控制器提供验证平台,提出了一个新的旋转失速及喘振模型.该模型在Moore-Greitzer轴流压气机过失速瞬态模型的基础上,考虑了转子动态及旋转失速高阶谐波对压气机气动稳定性的影响,并且在模型中增加了紧连阀作为执行机构.仿真结果表明:随着压气机转速的增加,压气机的失稳行为由旋转失速转为喘振;压气机转速的变化作为系统内部扰动,可能使压气机在节流阀开度较大时便进入气动失稳状态;虽然压气机初始扰动仅含有1阶谐波,但随着旋转失速的发展,高阶谐波强度不断增长而变得不可忽略.      

带不同凹腔结构涡轮问燃烧室数值模拟

为了提高航空燃气涡轮发动机的推进效率和满足低排放的要求,提出了1种基于涡轮内补燃增推循环的超紧凑燃烧室──涡轮间燃烧室。建立了3种带不同轴向凹腔(AC)结构的TIB模型,比较了3种模型的流动性能和燃烧性能。计算结果表明:TIB的燃烧效率高达99.3%,AC结构的改变对燃烧效率影响较小,但对温度场分布影响较大。