机匣处理作用下高负荷轴流压气机转/静子匹配设计研究

为了探索机匣处理作用下转/静子的轴向匹配方法以进一步提高压气机级的失速裕度,研究了静子的叶型安装角及"弯"、"掠"规律对压气机性能的影响,针对机匣处理与优化静子的组合结构进行了非定常数值模拟,阐述了该结构的扩稳机理以及压气机新的失速机制。研究结果表明,在机匣处理作用下,静子成为压气机失速的触发因素,通过对静子叶型安装角及"弯"、"掠"规律的优化均可进一步提高压气机级的失速裕度,其中改变静子"弯"型对压气机级失速裕度的改善最大。组合应用机匣处理与尖部反弯根部正弯静子后,压气机效率基本不变,失速裕度提升了80.2%,较单独使用机匣处理提升30.9%。在该组合结构作用下,压气机的失速由静子触发,静子叶根吸力面在激波作用下发生附面层分离,且与轮毂表面附面层相互作用形成角区涡,接近失速边界时,静子叶根形成"前缘溢流,尾缘反流"现象,造成静子通道的大范围堵塞,诱发压气机失速。压气机级的扩稳应充分考虑机匣处理的影响,对静子进行优化设计。     

A user-friendly yield criterion for metals exhibiting tension-compression asymmetry

The aim of this paper is to model the yielding asymmetry of pressure-insensitive metals, including but not limited to Ni₃Al alloys. The main focuses are put on the flexibility and manipulative convenience. The parameters of theory are kept to a minimum and can be determined by as few tests as possible. These requirements are fulfilled by constructing a yield function using the second and third-invariants of a linearly transformed stress tensor. The proposed yield criterion has a simple mathematical form and has only seven parameters when used in three-dimensional stresses. Compared with existing theories, the new yield criterion has much fewer parameters, which makes it very convenient for practical applications. The coefficients of the criterion are identified by an error minimization procedure. Applications to a Ni₃Al based intermetallic alloy as well as a Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloy and comparison to other criteria show that the proposed criterion has nearly the same predictive ability and flexibility with other criteria. The proposed yield criterion can estimate the coefficients by using less data, which is a big advantage compared with other similar theories, especially when there is a limited number of experimental data.     

利用定子槽口宽度削弱永磁电机电磁噪声研究

着重研究了永磁电机定子槽口宽度对电磁噪声的影响。通过电磁力解析计算得出电磁力与定子槽口宽度的计算关系。利用Ansoft软件对1台电动汽车用永磁电机进行电磁场计算,求解改变定子槽口宽度对电磁力波的影响,并用ANSYS软件对该永磁电机进行不同定子槽口宽度的2D声场计算。进行了试验验证,仿真计算与试验结果基本一致,可为该类电机削弱噪声设计计算提供参考。     

永磁同步电机定子系统模态振型研究

针对永磁同步电机振动及噪声的问题,从电机定子系统的结构模态入手,通过仿真分析不同铁心模型及不同机壳厚度对定子系统的影响,分析定子各参数对电机振动及噪声的影响。通过试验验证了仿真求解的可靠性,得到各参数对定子系统振型影响的一般规律。     

局部及全叶高合成射流对高速压气机静叶栅流场结构的影响

数值研究了合成射流控制高速压气机静叶栅吸力面角区分离,对比分析了不同射流结构对叶栅内流场结构及气动性能的影响。研究结果表明:合成射流通过周期性地吹气和吸气推迟角区分离、降低总压损失,由于吹气和吸气阶段的作用效果不同,使得叶栅出口损失系数的改善效果呈现出周期性波动。合成射流对通道涡以及角区二次流的有效控制是其取得良好控制效果的关键,当冲角为2°时,局部、全叶高方案最大可使总压损失系数分别降低22.2%和23.8%。由于局部叶高方案无法控制叶展中部的流动,造成该区域的尾迹损失增大,从而导致其流动控制效果弱于全叶高方案。两种射流结构都具有良好的变工况适应特性,全叶高方案在大冲角时逐渐体现出其优势,当冲角为4°时,总压损失系数的改善幅度相比局部叶高方案提高了2.8%。      

齿位置对压气机级间封严影响的数值研究

通过对压气机级间封严不同齿位置时的流场和温度场进行数值模拟,获得其泄漏特性、旋流特性和风阻温升特性.研究单齿、双齿和三齿的相对位置对级间篦齿封严的流量系数、出口旋转比和风阻温升的影响.结果表明:单齿情况下,单齿在下游时的流量系数最小,出口旋转比和风阻温升最大.双齿情况下,上游和下游各一齿时的流量系数最小.三齿情况下,上、下游和中间各一齿时流量系数最小.出口旋转比和风阻温升都随流量系数的减小而增大.      

A tip clearance prediction model for multistage rotors and stators in aero-engines

Tip clearances of multistage rotors and stators greatly affect aero-engines’ aerodynamic efficiency, stability and safety. The inevitable machining and assembly errors, as well as the complicated error propagation mechanism, cause overproof or non-uniform tip clearances. However, it is generally accepted that tip clearances are difficult to predict, even under assembly state. In this paper, a tip clearance prediction model is proposed based on measured error data. Some 3D error propagation sub-models, regarding rotors, supports and casings, are built and combined. The complex error coupling relationship is uncovered using mathematical methods. Rotor and stator tip clearances are predicted and analyzed in different phase angles. The maximum, minimum and average tip clearances can be calculated. The proposed model is implemented by a computer program, and a case study illustrates its performance and verifies its feasibility. The results can be referred by engineers in assembly quality judgement and decision-making.     

可调静子旋转凸台位置对端区流动的影响

对包含凸台的可调静子模型进行简化,研究了不同凸台位置对端区流动的影响.通过实验测量与数值模拟对比可以发现:可调静子端区流动损失主要是由叶片气动负荷引起的泄漏及气流绕过凸台造成的掺混2个部分组成;通过合理优化设计,将凸台置于气动负荷高的叶片前缘并覆盖尽可能多的前缘间隙,能够有效降低损失,改善气动性能.      

前置圆柱列涡轮静叶栅流场特性的数值研究

数值模拟了前置圆柱列涡轮静叶栅的三维流动,详细分析了圆柱列动静状态下叶栅流向的气动特性变化,发现不同时刻上游尾迹扫过下游叶片排不同位置,是造成多级涡轮非定常特性的主要原因。通过圆柱列动静两种状态下叶片表面压力脉动、流场变化特性的比较,发现静叶表面的压力分布存在差异,静叶前缘受上游圆柱列影响较大;随着流动的继续至叶栅流道下游,差异逐渐变小,直至消散;而叶栅前缘的差异主要通过叶片自身具有的大转折角逐步被抹平。     

可调静子叶片机匣间隙对轴流压气机性能的影响

多级轴流压气机多采用可调静子调节压气机中低转速性能。由于转动需要,静子叶片与流道间必然存在径向间隙,使得流场中额外引入端壁间隙流。利用CFD软件,研究了可调静子径向间隙对多级轴流压气机性能的影响。相关三维粘性数值仿真结果表明:高精度的CFD分析中,间隙影响不可忽略;可调静子转轴的优化设计,可有效减小间隙对压气机性能的影响。