航空发动机主轴滚子轴承非典型失效机理

针对某航空发动机圆柱滚子轴承的非典型失效问题，基于滚动轴承动力学理论，考虑滚子动不平衡量及滚子与套圈挡边间的碰摩，建立高速圆柱滚子轴承的动力学微分方程组，采用预估-校正GSTIFF（Gear stiff）变步长积分算法进行求解，分析了轴承工况参数和结构参数对动不平衡滚子的最大歪斜角和滚子与挡边最大碰撞力的影响。结果表明：滚子最大歪斜角和滚子与挡边最大碰撞力大小随滚子动不平衡量、轴承内圈转速增加而增大，与径向载荷间未表现出明显的相关性；较小的轴向游隙能够有效抑制滚子歪斜，但会增大滚子与挡边碰撞力，存在合理的轴向游隙范围使得在滚子歪斜角不会过大的情况下滚子与挡边碰撞力较小；较小的保持架兜孔周向游隙与挡边负背角和较大的滚子球端面半径能够减小滚子最大歪斜角和滚子与挡边最大碰撞力。     

Active detumbling technology for noncooperative space target with energy dissipation

Space debris is generally a kind of tumbling noncooperative space target which poses a serious threat to human space activities. In active debris removal (ADR) missions, capturing a space target directly may cause damage to space manipulator and chaser satellite, so it is a feasible strategy to reduce the angular velocity of space target to an acceptable range in the pre-capture phase. In this paper, an active detumbling technology for a free-floating tumbling space target with energy dissipation is studied, and an effective detumbling method utilizing intermittent contact impact between the space target and despin mechanism is proposed. First, the dynamic model of the space target is set up by the Jourdain’s velocity variation principle. Then, a contact model between the space target and despin mechanism is established based on the Hertz contact theory and the method of computer graphics. Finally, the detumbling method is validated by numerical simulations. Simulation results show that our method can reduce the angular velocity of the space target effectively without causing large nutation.     

Influences of preload on the friction and wear properties of high-speed instrument angular contact ball bearings

For starved-oil or solid lubrication of high-speed instrument angular contact ball bearings, friction heating and wear are the main reasons of bearing failures. This paper presents a dynamic wear simulation model to investigate the impacts of different preload methods and the changes of preload caused by wear on bearing wear life. The integral value QV of stress and sliding velocity in the contact ellipses between a ball and the inner and outer races determines friction heating and wear. The changes of QV with the friction coefficient and the wear volume under constant-force preload and fixed-position preload are analyzed. Results show that under the same initial preload, the QV decreases with an increase of the friction coefficient for both preload methods, and the latter is slightly larger. The wear of the ball and the race is equivalent to the ball diameter reduction. The QV of constant-force preload is almost not changed with a decrease of the ball diameter, but for fixed-position preload, the value decreases firstly and then increases substantially due to insufficient preload, and slipping occurs, the ball diameter is reduced by 0.025%, while the preload is reduced by 60.33%. An estimation of the bearing wear life under different preload methods requires a consideration of the changes in the wear rate of bearing parts.     

考虑弹性变形时的球头铣刀切削力模型的研究

在实际的切削过程中，切削系统的弹性变形不可避免，需要考虑弹性变形对切削力计算的影响，本文着重研究了刀具的弹性变形对切削力的影响机理，从分析刀具变形影响切屑厚度角度入手，研究了球头铣刀切削力计算模型和方法，建立了刀具弹性变形模型并基于刀具弹性变形模型的切屑厚度数学表示，分析了刀具的瞬时变表反馈和延滞性再生变形反馈对切削力具有的双重作用，建立了切屑厚度与刀具变形量，刀具进给等切削参数之间的数学关系，基     

动静压轴承在 MG1432 型磨床主轴系统中的应用

通过生产实践，用ＷＭＢ液体动静压混合轴承代替一般滑动轴承来改造ＭＧ１４３２型磨床，取得了理想效果。     

以主轴系统刚度与总功耗之比值为目标函数的液体静压轴承优化设计方法

本文介绍以主轴系统刚度与总功耗之比值最大比值最大为目标函数、主轴系统刚度的校验准则为主要约束条件的液体静压轴承优化设计方法，与普通设计方法相比，两种不同结构液体静压承经优化设计后，其单位总功耗的主轴系统刚度都成倍增加。     

特征定量识别的航天精密伺服机构轴承运行可靠性评估方法及应用

滚动轴承是航天精密伺服机构中的关键运动副,其可靠性常作为表征伺服机构寿命的重要指标。针对航天精密伺服机构的复杂载荷、极端环境与具体轴承个性问题,本文开展基于特征定量识别的航天精密伺服机构轴承动态可靠性评估方法及其应用研究。采用自适应标准多小波定量识别机构关键轴承运行状态特征,基于降半正态分布函数构建关键轴承运行状态特征与其隶属可靠度的映射关系,建立轴承运行状态信息的可靠性评估模型,为精密伺服机构轴承可靠性评估缺乏大样本数据和当下产品可靠度难以真实评价的工程难题开辟新途径。工程实例表明:该方法可以有效揭示试验台轴承外圈损伤所引起的运行可靠性降低的原因,并成功应用于评估某型航天精密伺服机构轴承运行状态。     

滚动球窝喷管接触应力分析

叙述了滚动球窝喷管在设计中许用接触应力的选择依据及方法,并根据以往的经验公式及其试验数据对影响许用接触应力的几个因素进行了分析。采用有限元法对某固体火箭发动机滚动球窝喷管的接触应力进行了预估,给出了接触应力有限元的基本计算方法,获得了阴、阳球体和钢球的应力分布和位移变化情况,计算结果与实测结果基本一致,对滚动球窝喷管的设计及其接触应力的计算具有一定的参考价值。     

齿轮减速器系统可变固有特性动力学研究

考虑到齿轮传动啮合刚度的波动和传动误差的影响以及轴承支撑刚度的作用,对二级齿轮减速器传动系统进行了理论建模和动态响应分析,并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明,齿轮传动在单齿啮合区和双齿啮合区之间啮合刚度变化较大;减速器系统的动态特性 (固有频率、固有振型、阻尼等 )随啮合周期而发生变化,呈现出一种可变的动态固有特性。故对于系统进行研究时,可分别按单齿区和双齿区平均啮合刚度进行分析,一般可以满足实际工程要求。     

虚轴磨床加工球面铣刀的工艺模型

前刀面与后刀面的刃磨加工是球面铣刀加工工艺中最复杂的加工模型,尤其是球面端刃的前后刀面的加工模型,是研究的热点问题.虚轴机床的结构与传统机床不同,机床的运动控制特性也不同,需要特别加以考虑.详细研究了阿基米德螺旋线和圆弧轨迹2种球面端刃前刀面曲线的生成模型,计算了加工这2种前刀面曲线时相应机床运动的位置控制参数,由此提出了适合于虚轴机床的球面铣刀前后刀面刃磨的工艺模型及相应的加工工艺方法,解决了采用6USP虚轴机床加工球面铣刀的工艺问题.使加工模型简化而且合理,提高了虚轴机床的加工效率和精度.