辅助加热温度对铝合金厚板FSW焊缝成形的影响

对铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）而言,焊缝底部金属温度低、流动能力差是导致焊缝成形困难的主要原因。为此,本研究采用辅助加热的方式对待焊母材底部进行预热,分析辅助加热温度对厚板搅拌摩擦焊焊缝成形的影响。结果表明,随着辅助加热温度从20℃升高至80℃时,焊缝成形质量先变好后变差,宏观表现为焊缝内部焊核区宽度、高度及面积呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而疏松区面积呈现先减小后增大的趋势。其中,当辅助加热温度为40℃时,焊缝成形质量最好,焊核区尺寸最大,疏松区消失;而当辅助加热温度升高至80℃时,焊缝成形质量最差,疏松区面积最大。研究认为,其主要原因是添加合适的辅助加热温度可显著提高焊核区塑性金属的峰值温度及高温停留时间,塑性金属流动能力明显提高,焊缝成形质量得到极大改善。焊核区塑性金属的迁移方式由沿搅拌针表面向焊缝上部高温区迁移向挤压焊核区周边冷金属横向迁移转变。但是,当辅助加热温度太高时,焊核区塑性金属迁移方式开始转变为原始的沿搅拌针表面向焊缝上部高温区迁移,且此迁移程度有明显增大的趋势,导致焊缝内部疏松区缺陷再次出现。     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).     

高强铝合金复合脉冲VPTIG焊缝组织和性能

采用超快速变换复合超音频脉冲方波变极性TIG电弧焊接工艺进行2219-T87高强铝合金焊接,研究分析了焊缝显微组织和接头拉伸性能变化.结果表明,2219-T87铝合金复合超音频脉冲电流变极性焊接接头的组织和性能均发生显著变化,焊缝区显微组织明显细化,由粗大柱状晶向细小等轴晶转变,接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率显著提高.接头断口由脆性断裂主要特征转变为"韧性+脆性"的混合型断裂模式.在一定范围内,脉冲电流频率越高,脉冲占空比越小,作用效果越明显.复合超音频脉冲电流频率为40 kHz,脉冲电流占空比为20%时,接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到母材金属的70%和58%.     

Multi-functional SiC/AI Composites for Aerospace Applications

Multi-functional Al-matrix composites with high volume fraction (55%-57%) of SiC particles are produced with the new pres-sureless infiltration fabrication technology, X-ray detection and microscopic observation display the composites which are macroscopi-tally homogeneous without porosity. The investigation further reveals that the SiC/Al composites possess low density (2.94 g/cm3), high elastic modulus (220 GPa), prominent thermal management function as a result of low coefficient of thermal expansion (8 × 10-6 K-1) and techniques, the multi-functional SiC/Al composites have managed to be made into near-net-shape parts. Many kinds of precision com-ponents of space-based optomechanical structures and airborne optoelectronic platform have been turned out. Of them, several typical products are being under test in practices.     

铝铜点焊的研究

提出了铝铜过渡接头的点焊新方法,用交流焊机点焊铝铜,解决了Al2O3氧化膜层的破碎问题。从而可利用热活化、压力、电磁搅拌力,使铝铜固溶,扩散和铝液面移动,完成铝铜点焊,获得比铝强度高的焊接接头,为铝代铜的运用提供了一种特殊的途径。     

大型整体壁板成形技术

 大型整体壁板是现代先进民用飞机的重要结构件,大型整体壁板成形技术是整机研制过程中所必须要解决的重大关键技术。从大型整体壁板的结构特点出发,介绍了整体壁板的结构形式和分类,重点阐述了整体带筋壁板喷丸成形技术和时效成形技术的国外研究应用进展及发展趋势,分析了国内现有整体壁板成形技术的基础和存在问题,特别介绍了国内在ARJ21新支线飞机研制中所取得的最新进展。最后针对中国大飞机研制的紧迫需求,提出了尽快开展大飞机机翼和机身整体壁板成形技术研究的建议和对策。     

泡沫铝隔冲器设计及其对卫星可展开附件收拢状态力学特性的影响

文章针对泡沫铝隔冲器可能降低卫星可展开附件收拢状态的模态频率及放大振动响应等问题,首次提出一种基于表层填充J-133常温胶的开孔泡沫铝块的扁平式隔冲器,以某可展开数传天线为例开展泡沫铝隔冲器设计与分析,并进行了模态试验和振动试验验证。试验结果表明:所设计的泡沫铝隔冲器使可展开附件收拢状态前三阶模态频率降低不到2.5 Hz,而振动响应平均降低约30%。     

黑色色浆对氟树脂/铝红外涂层性能的影响

以铝、黑色色浆为填料,氟树脂为粘合剂,制备了氟树脂/铝红外涂层,研究了黑色色浆含量对氟树脂/铝红外涂层性能的影响。性能测试包括光泽度、色差、红外发射率、硬度、附着力、抗冲击性、粗糙度、光学测试、耐腐蚀性等。结果表明,在黑色色浆含量为1.0%时,整个氟树脂涂层的性能最优。当黑色色浆的含量由1.0%上升到9.0%,涂层表面光泽度不断下降,涂层ΔE值不断减小,涂层表面红外发射率逐渐升高,涂层的硬度都是6H,涂层的附着力等级为0级,红外光谱吸收峰逐渐增强。当黑色色浆含量为0%～3.0%,抗冲击性都超过50 kg·cm,抗冲击性较大。当黑色色浆含量为0%～5.0%时,涂层表面粗糙度比较低。当黑色色浆含量为1.0%时,涂层的耐腐蚀性能最佳。