浮环密封泄漏特性数值计算与试验

为了研究不同压差、温度和转速下浮环密封的泄漏特性,建立了CFD数值计算模型,计算分析了某型航空发动机浮环密封泄漏特性。针对转速引起的泄漏量变化,提出了通过有限元方法计算不同转速下密封跑道的离心膨胀量对流场尺寸进行更改;针对温度、压差引起的流体状态参数改变,通过状态方程进行计算,并对本构方程中相关参数进行重新确定。为有效验证数值计算模型的有效性,进行了全工况条件下浮环密封泄漏特性试验。结果表明:随着压差升高,数值计算得到的泄漏量不断趋近试验结果,在压差大于等于0.1 MPa后,数值计算得到的泄漏量与试验结果的平均偏差在6.08%~9.43%。     

基于启发式信息的中文姓名识别方法

提出了一种以姓氏和互信息作为启发式信息探测潜在姓名,对上下文进行局部全切分,最后利用隐马尔科夫模型为工具识别姓名的新方法。本方法将姓名识别,汉语分词,词性标注结合为一体,总体上提高了姓名识别的性能,一定程度上解决了分词错误对姓名识别带来的影响。实验结果表明本文提出的方法是有效的。     

战斗机的机敏性与超机动性（二）

3 机敏性(或称敏捷性) 3.1机敏性定义正如机动性最初才提出时的情况一样,对什么是机敏性?如何衡量它?它与飞机的作战效能有多大关系?设计战斗机时怎样来保证机敏性等方面目前还没有一个完全统一的认识。通常的说法是:机敏性是飞机的机动性和机动能力变化速率的综合评价。或者说飞机改变机动状态和转动机动平面的能力。对飞机的机敏性要求都是从如何取得空战优势的角度考虑的。例如,在战斗机1对1空战时,与空战胜负的直接有关因素为:(1)两机的相对速度、我机的角点速度     

直升机两步法抗饱和控制

在执行机构饱和约束下,研究了直升机的全姿态控制和速度跟踪问题.提出了一种能适用直升机这样的开环不稳定系统的两步法抗饱和控制方法,即第1步在不考虑饱和约束下设计了直升机H_∞回路成形内外回路控制器,内回路实现直升机全姿态控制和通道解耦,外回路实现速度跟踪;第2步考虑饱和约束,设计抗饱和补偿器弱化饱和引起的闭环性能退化.证明了该抗饱和控制系统的L₂稳定性,并通过回路变换和乘数理论减少其保守性.对UH-60黑鹰直升机的仿真试验表明了该方法的有效性.      

面向全电推进卫星的霍尔推进技术

不同空间任务和约束条件对霍尔推力器提出了多模式工作的需求,通过对全电推进卫星对推进器的需求分析,论述霍尔推力器多模式工作涉及的关键技术.分析表明,高比冲模式下工质充分电离、推力器热负荷、羽流聚焦是技术瓶颈问题,多模式宽范围工作的阴极设计技术、多环/成组技术是霍尔推力器发展的重要研究方向,多模式霍尔推力器未来的发展需要在模式连续可调、大总冲和高比冲方向取得技术性突破.     

Space law education in China: Status quo,shortcomings and possible ways out

Space law education has an essential role in the space capacity building of a country because of its importance for human resources development in space law. Comparisons between Canada and China, the European Union and China and the United States of America (USA) and China in space law degree education, course, teaching methodology, institute and practice and communication platform are provided in an attempt to review some issues which exist within the Chinese space law educational system and to seek a better choice for China’s space law education reform. Chinese space law education has achieved noticeable progress over the past two decades. However, it is still limited in comparison to its counterparts in Europe and Northern America. The range of the space law degree education programmes and space-law-related courses is comparatively limited. A gap remains between space law education and practice in China. Chinese space law classes are still dominated by the teacher-centred teaching methodology, although several universities have some new teaching practices. The establishment of seven space law-related research institutes plays an increasingly important role in Chinese space law education, space law and policy research and legal advisory services for the Chinese government and non-governmental sectors. However, these institutes still have a long way to go in comparison with their counterparts in Europe and Northern America. While China has established domestic research platforms for space law communication through international cooperation, it does not provide space law practice platforms for space law education. While international space law does not provide a direct legal foundation for space law education in China, Chinese educational laws can lay a profound legal foundation for Chinese space law education. To promote its national expertise and capacity in space law, based on the three-pillar model and the experiences of its counterparts in North America and Europe, China should adopt a systematic and sustainable regime for its space law education.     

短波红外全天时自主天文导航技术展望

基于2微米全天巡天（2MASS）短波红外巡天点源星表,分别从白天可探测恒星分布、天空背景辐射与大气传输、传感器性能和光学系统视场大小等方面,分析了短波红外波段相对于可见光波段,在大气层内白天观星实现全天时天文导航的优势,并展望了其发展方向。