直升机变距拉杆杆端自润滑关节轴承的力学分析和损伤特性

以R44直升机主旋翼变距拉杆杆端自润滑关节轴承为研究对象，用三维建模软件Solidworks建立其旋转摆动的有限元模型并导入到有限元分析软件Ansys Workbench中，分析计算其在径向正弦载荷下衬垫的等效应力、位移、接触应力和等效剪切应力的变化特性；并结合实际服役工况下R44直升机失效的自润滑关节轴承衬垫进行分析。结果表明：在整个周期内，衬垫的边缘因为被挤压而发生变形，衬垫的等效应力和等效变形最大值均出现在外圈的边缘上，接触应力最大值所在的区域始终出现在衬垫的顶部和底部，并且接触应力分布区域的移动与内圈的转动方向一致，切应力最集中的地方在径向载荷施加点的左上方、左下方、右上方、右下方以及左右两侧；由于实际服役工况中载荷的变化，导致衬垫的损伤上半部分是以接触应力引起的疲劳损伤为主，下半部分是以切应力导致的转移膜形成为主。     

单轨火箭橇在轨动力特性数值分析

为系统性分析火箭橇在轨动力特性，采用三维Eluer-Bernouli梁单元对火箭橇系统进行离散，通过重构生成长程不平顺轨建立考虑轨道不平顺及滑靴磨损的靴轨非线性接触力模型，由Newmark-β结合Newton-Raphson局部迭代求解非线性动力学方程获得火箭橇在轨动力特性数值解，并通过试验验证，计算结果表明：马赫数为2的速度下火箭橇质心竖向过载峰值约为2 700g；火箭橇在轨占空比与航向速度成正比，马赫数为2的速度下竖向火箭橇在轨占空比为16%；高速段滑靴磨损量占全弹道磨损量的84%，靴轨单次接触磨损量与航向速度3次方成正比。     

Gaussian process regression model incorporated with tool wear mechanism

Cutting tool condition directly affects machining quality and efficiency. In order to avoid severely worn tools used during machining process and fully release the remaining useful life in the meanwhile, a reliable evaluation method of remaining useful life of cutting tools is quite necessary. Due to the variation of cutting conditions, it is a challenge to predict remaining useful life of cutting tools by a unified model. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a method for predicting the remaining useful life of cutting tools in variable cutting conditions based on Gaussian process regression model incorporated with tool wear mechanism, where the predicted value at adjacent moments is constrained to a linear relationship by the covariance matrix of Gaussian model based on the assumption of progressive tool wear process, so the wear process under continuous changing conditions can be modelled. In addition to that, the input feature space and the output of the model are also enhanced by considering the tool wear mechanism for improving prediction accuracy. Machining experiments are performed to verify the proposed method, and the results show that the proposed could improve the prediction of tool remaining useful life significantly.     

干式铣削Al-50wt%Si高硅铝合金刀具磨损与表面粗糙度评价

本文以Al-50wt%Si高硅铝合金为研究对象，采用单因素试验方法进行无涂层硬质合金刀具干式铣削试验，分析切削参数对刀具磨损和表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明：表面粗糙度受每齿进给量的影响最显著，随每齿进给量的增加而增加，当每齿进给量从0.07 mm/z增加到0.16 mm/z时，表面粗糙度增加2倍；刀具磨损受切削速度的影响最显著，随切削速度的增加而增加，当切削速度从140 m/min增加到260 m/min时，切削总长度降低3倍，而刀具后刀面磨损量仅是260 m/min速度下的0.8倍；表面粗糙度随刀具磨损的增加呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势，切削长度从350 mm增加到1 750 mm，刀具磨损量平均增加4.5倍，而表面粗糙度却下降2倍；硬质合金刀具主要的磨损形式为磨粒磨损、崩刃。     

航空用不锈钢磨粒流光整加工表面完整性研究

为研究磨粒流光整加工不锈钢闭式整体叶环的表面完整性，通过对电火花制备的不锈钢试样进行加工时间、加工压强及磨料目数的单因素试验，研究3个因素对加工后表面完整性的影响。结果表明：表面粗糙度Ra随着加工时间的增加而降低，从初始时的1.459μm降至60 min时的0.193μm，降低速率越来越慢，最后趋于稳定。磨粒流加工有效去除了加工表面再铸层。显微硬度在加工后明显降低，由450～950 HV降至270～350 HV且分布均匀性得到改善。显微硬度随着加工时间的增加整体上呈降低趋势，并出现了一定的加工硬化现象。在使用不同目数的磨料进行磨粒流加工后，残余应力由拉应力变为压应力。随着加工时间和加工压强的增加，试样表面越平整，抛光效果越好。     

Fretting wear behaviour of machined layer of nickel-based superalloy produced by creep-feed profile grinding

Fretting wear has an adverse impact on the fatigue life of turbine blade roots. The current work is to comparatively investigate the fretting wear behaviour of the nickel-based superalloy surfaces produced by polishing and creep-feed profile grinding, respectively, in terms of surface/subsurface fretting damage, the friction coefficient, wear volume and wear rate. Experimental results show that the granulated tribolayer aggravates the workpiece wear, while the flat compacted tribolayer enhances the wear resistance ability of workpiece, irrespective of whether the workpiece is processed by polishing or grinding. However, the wear behaviors of tribolayers are different. For the polished surface, when the normal load exceeds 100 N, the main defects are crack, rupture, delamination and peeling of workpiece materials; the wear mechanism changes from severe oxidative wear to fatigue wear and abrasive wear when the loads increase from 50 to 180 N. As for the ground surface, the main wear mechanism is abrasive wear. Particularly, the ground surface possesses better wear-resistant ability than the polished surface because the former has the lower values in coefficient friction (0.23), wear volume (0.06 × 10⁶ μm³) and wear rate (0.25 × 10^?16 Pa^?1). Finally, an illustration is given to characterize the evolution of wear debris on such nickel-based superalloy on the ground surface.     

竞争风险模型下变环境的发动机叶片可靠性分析

针对航空发动机转子叶片的恶劣工况导致其存在多种故障模式,各种故障的失效与使用环境紧密关联,给航空发动机转子叶片的可靠性分析或风险控制带来了难度这一问题,从转子叶片的磨损和裂纹两种主要故障模式特点出发,研究了变环境下的转子叶片磨损故障模型和疲劳裂纹故障模型,提出了一种基于竞争风险模型的转子叶片可靠性分析方法,并给出了求解算法；以某高压涡轮转子叶片为例进行了分析研究.结果表明:在可靠性分析中采用单个故障模型比竞争风险模型风险更大；且在竞争风险模型下,如果不考虑推力环境的影响,以不可靠度要求0.1为例,相应风险增加了33%,验证了所提方法的实用性.      

金属膜盘联轴器用关节轴承磨损特性研究

为研究金属膜盘联轴器用关节轴承的磨损特性,对某型关节轴承在金属膜盘联轴器工作环境进行了分析,计算了其在最大载荷条件下的PV值,并分别开展了低速摆动轴向重载磨损试验、高速摆动轴向无载磨损试验和发动机真实工况磨损试验。结果表明:金属膜盘联轴器用关节轴承的工作环境属于高速旋转和高速摆动、轴向重载和径向无载,关节轴承的磨损量与其所承受的轴向载荷与摆动线速度直接相关。