从前起落架舱门故障看A320起落架系统安全活门的作用

通过对一例疑难故障的分析,把对于A320起落架系统内的安全活门的作用的认识与大家分享,希望日后能够对相关系统的维修排故工作有所帮助。     

浮空器管材结构连接方式比较及拉伸强度分析

浮空器结构件如吊舱、过渡架及推进支架等多采用金属管材连接。目前,浮空器管材结构连接缺乏使用工况下极限值实测数据,材料及连接方式选择的理论支撑尚有不足。据此,对常用管材的不同连接方式进行比较及断裂分析。研究中铝合金和钛合金管材分别采用螺接及焊接的方式进行连接,测试样品的力学性能并结合仿真分析验证其断裂原因。结果表明:TA1钛合金管材采用焊接连接方式,相对螺接方式连接强度提高 87.9%;6061铝合金管材采用螺接连接方式,相对焊接方式连接强度提高 39.3%。2A12铝合金管材焊接连接强度优于螺接连接强度。同时,分析断裂原因发现,管材形变是影响焊缝连接强度的重要因素;应力集中易发生在管材端部连接处,导致端部焊缝发生断裂;管材形变会使母材断裂时伴有撕裂现象,进一步降低管材的最大连接强度。     

Validation on MERSI/FY-3A precipitable water vapor product

The precipitable water vapor is one of the most active gases in the atmosphere which strongly affects the climate. China's second-generation polar orbit meteorological satellite FY-3A equipped with a Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) is able to detect atmospheric water vapor. In this paper, water vapor data from AERONET, radiosonde and MODIS were used to validate the accuracy of the MERSI water vapor product in the different seasons and climatic regions of East Asia. The results show that the values of MERSI water vapor product are relatively lower than that of the other instruments and its accuracy is generally lower. The mean bias (MB) was ?0.8 to ?12.7?mm, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.2–17.0?mm, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) varied from 31.8% to 44.1%. On the spatial variation, the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product in a descending order was from North China, West China, Japan -Korea, East China, to South China, while the seasonal variation of accuracy was the best for winter, followed by spring, then in autumn and the lowest in summer. It was found that the errors of MERSI water vapor product was mainly due to the low accuracy of radiation calibration of the MERSI absorption channel, along with the inaccurate look-up table of apparent reflectance and water vapor within the water vapor retrieved algorithm. In addition, the surface reflectance, the mixed pixels of image cloud, the humidity and temperature of atmospheric vertical profile and the haze were also found to have affected the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product.     

基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划

为了使太空机械臂在关节锁定故障后仍能继续完成后续任务,提出一种基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划方法。基于牛顿-拉夫逊法计算太空机械臂关节人为限位,完成满足任务需求的退化工作空间求解,通过构造姿态可达度指标,在退化工作空间的基础上建立故障机械臂基坐标系下的位姿可达空间。通过在代价函数中增加最小奇异值代价项改进传统A^*算法,基于改进A^*算法在所建立的位姿可达空间内完成太空机械臂容错路径规划。所提方法综合了位姿可达空间与改进A^*算法各自的优势,实现了关节锁定故障太空机械臂同时满足避奇异与位姿可达要求的轨迹搜索。通过建立7自由度太空机械臂运动学模型开展数值仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提容错路径规划方法的有效性。     

FY-3A卫星星内辐射剂量评估与分析

对FY-3A卫星近四年的辐射剂量数据进行分析,结果表明,在1 mm铝的等效屏蔽厚度下,星内辐射剂量存在显著的方向性差异,+Y向剂量增长变化显著大于+Z向.深入分析剂量变化与带电粒子辐射关系后发现,太阳质子事件期间的高能质子增长不会对辐射剂量增长变化产生显著影响;而高能电子是剂量增长变化的主要贡献者,其中扰动导致的高能电子通量强增长是使得辐射剂量显著增加的主要原因,并显著影响到卫星+Y向.进一步与工程常用SPENVIS剂量计算结果的对比表明,实测能更好地反映剂量动态变化和方向差异.综上,实测剂量数据对于同类工程星内器件的合理布局和工程防护设计具有一定指导和参考价值.     

采用阵列天线的GPS接收机的多径抑制方法

提出一种新的用于阵列天线GPS接收机的多径抑制方法。考虑到通常GPS视线信号的来波方向与多径的来波方向不同,在每个导航数据符号位内测距（C/A）码重复,通过对阵列接收的信号矢量与它本身的延迟信号矢量互相关,提高接收机前端信噪比,再利用最大特征值法和前后向空间平滑技术准确地估计期望卫星视线信号（LOSS）的来波方向。最后综合多个GSC子阵列有效地降低了相关多径对码跟踪精度的影响。仿真结果显示,该方法能使接收机在与LOSS码同步前准确估计LOSS的角度信息,有效抑制相关多径,且鉴相结果准确。     

The effect of spatial truncation error on variance of gravity anomalies derived from inversion of satellite orbital and gradiometric data

The spatial truncation error (STE) is a significant systematic error in the integral inversion of satellite gradiometric and orbital data to gravity anomalies at sea level. In order to reduce the effect of STE, a larger area than the desired one is considered in the inversion process, but the anomalies located in its central part are selected as the final results. The STE influences the variance of the results as well because the residual vector, which is contaminated with STE, is used for its estimation. The situation is even more complicated in variance component estimation because of its iterative nature. In this paper, we present a strategy to reduce the effect of STE on the a posteriori   variance factor and the variance components for inversion of satellite orbital and gradiometric data to gravity anomalies at sea level. The idea is to define two windowing matrices for reducing this error from the estimated residuals and anomalies. Our simulation studies over Fennoscandia show that the differences between the 0.5°×0.5°$0.5°\times 0.5°$ gravity anomalies obtained from orbital data and an existing gravity model have standard deviation (STD) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10.9 and 12.1 mGal, respectively, and those obtained from gradiometric data have 7.9 and 10.1 in the same units. In the case that they are combined using windowed variance components the STD and RMSE become 6.1 and 8.4 mGal. Also, the mean value of the estimated RMSE after using the windowed variances is in agreement with the RMSE of the differences between the estimated anomalies and those obtained from the gravity model.     

智能化战术任务管理系统研究

从感知、评价、决策的认知过程研究了现代军机战术任务管理系统的结构、组成和功能,重点研究了态势评估和任务规划两个关键子系统.建立了基于贝叶斯网络和模糊逻辑推理的态势评估算法及威胁评估模型,采用贝叶斯网络对威胁级别进行了评估,运用模糊逻辑对各威胁源的相对重要性进行了推理,实现了对威胁源威胁级别和相对重要性的连续动态评估.研究了基于动态A^*算法的战术飞机飞行路径在线实时规划问题,实现了态势评估与路径规划两子系统之间的集成.研究结果表明了该系统方案和算法的有效性,任务规划系统能够自适应战场态势的变化.     

A320飞机在低速滑行中滑偏的处理

A320系列飞机在运行中有时会出现低速滑行时滑偏的现象,给航班的安全、正点运行带来了很大的压力.本文分析了引起滑偏的原因,给出针对此类故障的快速处理建议及排故方法,以期节省排除此类故障的时间,对缓解航班运行压力提供帮助.     

谈谈环境工程剪裁和环境试验剪裁

文章简要阐述环境工程剪裁和环境试验剪裁产生的历史背景,环境工程剪裁和环境试验剪裁的定义及其内涵;指出了环境工程剪裁的目的和任务;以表的形式列出了MIL-STD-810F和GJB 150A中相应部分的剪裁要求并进行了对比分析,指出了两标准在剪裁阐述上的不足之处;最后分析了810F前言中有关剪裁的内容和各试验方法的可剪裁程度。