应用模糊变权的启发式搜索进行飞行轨迹优化

回顾了军机轨迹优化问题的提出及研究历史，介绍了几种主要方法的特点，特别是启发式搜索算法应用于飞行轨迹优化问题时存在的主要问题。提出为了得到较好的近优路径而采取的模糊变权处理方法。通过计算不同加权下解的情况，说明模糊变权方法是使加权随具体情况作相应调整的有效手段，为提高飞行路径规划系统的有效性开辟了一个新思路。     

Analysis of crack opening stresses for center- and edge-crack tension specimens

Accurate determination of crack opening stress is of central importance to fatigue crack growth analysis and life prediction based on the crack-closure model. This paper studies the crack opening behavior for center- and edge-crack tension specimens. It is found that the crack opening stress is affected by the crack tip element. By taking the crack tip element into account, a modified crack opening stress equation is given for the center-crack tension specimen. Crack surface displace- ment equations for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under remote uniform tension and partially distributed pressure are derived by using the weight function method. Based on these displacements, a crack opening stress equation for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under uniform tension has been developed. The study shows that the crack opening stress is geometry-dependent, and the weight function method provides an effective and reliable tool to deal with such geometry depen- dence.     

波束波导馈电系统在深空探测天线应用中的关键技术研究

针对波束波导馈电系统在深空探测天线应用中存在的电小尺寸镜面绕射引起波束波导传输效率降低,不同极化工作时波束指向不一致,以及TE21模跟踪时坐标转换等问题,进行深入研究并给出相应的解决方案或数学模型.通过优化椭球镜M5的曲率,解决了电小尺寸镜面绕射使波束波导传输效率下降问题,使S频段的传输效率提高约4％,35 m天线副反射面的截获效率增加约11％,天线增益提高0.7 dB;给出天线束峰值位置随方位、俯仰角变化的数学模型,提出了中值补偿方法,使天线左右旋极化峰值不一致增益损失减小约0.16 dB,并给出TE21模跟踪时的坐标转换数学模型.这些方法和数学模型已成功应用于实际工程中,并取得了良好的效果.     

一种实现陀螺马达准确制动方案的研究

在分析了几种传统的电机制动方案基础上,提出了一种适合陀螺马达的能耗制动方案,该方案依据马达逐渐停转时自身产生的微弱电信号,再经放大处理后作为能耗制动的控制信号,实现陀螺马达准确、可靠、平稳的停止,避免了不及时切断电源而烧坏定子绕组的情况.     

Stellar winds of massive stars in M31

We have obtained the first UV high resolution spectra of hot luminous stars in M31 with the FOS onHubble Space Telescope. The spectra, combined with optical spectroscopic and photometric observations, enable us to study their stellar winds and photospheric parameters. We derive mass-loss rates and velocity laws from the wind line profiles, with the SEI method, as well as information on abundances. The wind lines and photospheric spectra are compared with galactic stars of the same spectral type.The spectra analyzed so far indicate that the stars have mass-loss rates comparable or slightly lower than galactic stars of the same spectral type, but possibly different velocity laws in their winds. The spectra of two stars are discussed here.     

Self-similar solutions to stellar winds with cosmic rays

A two-fluid model is used to study the time evolution of stellar winds including the dynamical effect of cosmic rays. Neglecting the diffusion of cosmic rays, we seek self-similar solutions to spherically symmetric winds with a termination shock. The velocity upstream of the shock is taken to be zero. Physical solutions are those that can connect the shock to the star with the velocity approaching zero at the star. Two parameters govern the behaviour of the solutions, namely, the ratio of the upstream sound speed to the shock speed (in an inertial frame) and the gravitation potential of the central star. In some parameter regimes, no physical solution is possible.     

飞机液压系统动态油温计算方法优化

分析了动态油温计算方法的不足,将此方法中的液压油箱计算模型加以优化得到改进的动态油温计算方法,基于功率损失法给出了飞机液压系统中四种典型液压附件的温度计算方程。以某航空液压泵地面试验系统为计算实例,将改进方法计算的结果与试验结果、改进前方法的计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明改进的动态油温计算方法相比改进前的方法具有更高的准确度。     

Energetic Hydrogen and Oxygen Atoms Observed on the Nightside of Mars

We present measurements of energetic hydrogen and oxygen atoms (ENAs) on the nightside of Mars detected by the neutral particle detector (NPD) of ASPERA-3 on Mars Express. We focus on the observations for which the field-of-view of NPD was directed at the nightside of Mars or at the region around the limb, thus monitoring the flow of ENAs towards the nightside of the planet. We derive energy spectra and total fluxes, and have compiled maps of hydrogen ENA outflow. The hydrogen ENA intensities reach 10⁵ cm⁻² sr⁻¹ s⁻¹, but no oxygen ENA signals above the detection threshold of 10⁴ cm⁻² sr⁻¹ s⁻¹ are observed. These intensities are considerably lower than most theoretical predictions. We explain the discrepancy as due to an overestimation of the charge-exchange processes in the models for which too high an exospheric density was assumed. Recent UV limb emission measurements (Galli et al., this issue) point to a hydrogen exobase density of 10¹⁰ m⁻³ and a very hot hydrogen component, whereas the models were based on a hydrogen exobase density of 10¹² m⁻³ and a temperature of 200 K predicted by Krasnopolsky and Gladstone (1996). Finally, we estimate the global atmospheric loss rate of hydrogen and oxygen due to the production of ENAs.     

一种弱场区无线传输系统

在铁路无线列调通信中存在弱场区和盲区,通信质量难以控制。设计了完整的方案,提高了原无线列调中存在的弱场区的场强,并增大场强覆盖率,使通话距离得到扩展,改善了话音质量。     

风扇前传噪声及声衬特性研究

为了探究航空发动机的风扇噪声,通过试验研究了缩尺风扇前传噪声在不同转速工况下的频谱特性和周向模态特性,并对所设计的环形声衬降噪效果进行了验证。研究结果表明,基于试验测量数据分析得到的频谱特性和周向模态特性满足转静干涉噪声理论。随着转速的提高,风扇纯音噪声越显著,高转速工况下纯音噪声的能量约占风扇前传噪声的85%。在所研究的工况范围内,该声衬对目标频率及模态均有显著的降噪效果,且在85%转速工况时的纯音降噪效果最优,其主模态的传声损失约为59dB。该声衬对于设计频率附近的宽频噪声也有一定降噪效果,在85%转速时的宽频噪声平均传递损失约为3dB。