Laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling of high aspect ratio microgroove on WC-Co cemented carbide

Severe tool wear and poor surface quality are the main problems during micro machining of cemented carbide. In this work, an innovative hybrid process of laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling (LOMM) was proposed to solve the problems. A nanosecond laser was utilized to induce oxidation of the WC-20%Co material, producing loose oxide which was easy to remove. The micro machinability of the material was improved by laser-induced oxidation. The oxidation mechanisms of cemented carbide were studied. A microgroove with a depth of 2.5 mm and aspect ratio of 5 was fabricated successfully. The milling force, surface quality and tool wear mechanisms were investigated. For comparison, a microgroove was also fabricated with conventional micro milling (COMM) using identical milling parameters. Results revealed that in LOMM the milling force and tool wear rate were extremely low during removing the oxide. The machined surface quality and dimensional accuracy achieved by LOMM were superior to those obtained by COMM. The surface roughness S_a of the microgroove bottom reached 88 nm in LOMM, while the cross-sectional geometry of the microgroove was a trapezoid. Perpendicularity of the microgroove sidewall machined by LOMM was better than that by COMM. The tool wear forms in LOMM were coating spalling and slight tool nose breakage. Compared with COMM, the tool life in LOMM was prolonged significantly. It indicates that the proposed hybrid process is an effective and efficient way to fabricate high aspect ratio micro-features with high dimensional accuracy.     

舰船燃气轮机发展现状、方向及关键技术

舰船燃气轮机在大中型水面舰艇动力中占主导地位,是海军现代化的一个重要标志。本文回顾了国内外舰船燃气轮机的发展历程,介绍了舰船燃气轮机发展走航改舰用和独立发展道路的状况。分析了典型舰船燃气轮机LM2500系列、MT30和UGT25000的技术特点和性能,从提高功率与热效率、提高可靠性与可维护性、发展产品系列化与谱系化等方面展望了舰船燃气轮机的发展方向,并提出了在材料及制造工艺、金属增材制造、气动设计、低排放、冷却及热障涂层、双燃料、智能化和混合动力等方面需要发展的关键技术。     

The effective temperatures of O-type stars from UV spectroscopy

We present an analysis of high resolution spectra in the far-UV – UV range (∼905–2000 Å) with non-LTE, spherical, hydrodynamical, line-blanketed models, of three O-type Galactic stars, and derive their photospheric and wind parameters. These data extend previously analyzed samples and fill a gap in spectral type coverage. The combined sample confirms a revised (downward) T_eff scale with respect to canonical calibrations, as found in our previous works from UV and optical spectra, and in recent works by other authors.     

计算模拟月壤颗粒吸收及散射特性的一种球叠加模型

针对模拟月壤复杂的外形特征以及多相非均质的微观结构,提出了一种计算模拟月壤颗粒吸收及散射特性的球叠加模型。根据模拟月壤颗粒的形状指数和分形特征识别结果,归纳了4种主要的模拟月壤颗粒类型,并采用蒙特卡罗光线跟踪法研究了这4种颗粒在单色平行光照射下的吸收及散射特性。与已有的非球形颗粒辐射特性的算法比较显示,该模型具有良好的计算准确性。在数值计算的基础上,分析了颗粒尺度参数及光学常数对其自身辐射特性的影响,并通过改变平行光照下的光线入射角度,分析了非球形颗粒的朝向对其自身辐射特性的影响。由计算结果推断,该模型不仅可以应用于计算模拟月壤颗粒的辐射特性,还可以满足其他适用于几何光学近似的非球形粒子。     

一种常用两次扫描算法的改进

针对交会对接最后逼近段光学成像敏感器图像处理中的快速连通域标记问题,将标记融合和两次扫描相结合,改进了连通域标记中常用的两次扫描算法,并基于标志灯成像的几何约束和统计约束给出了可完成目标粗识别的连通域标记算法.仿真结果表明这两种改进措施都可提高有效连通域标记的效率.改进后的连通域标记算法处理一幅1 024×1 024的图像,其50次重复运行的平均耗时小于98 ms,具备实时应用的能力.     

高精度UT1-UTC差分预报方法研究

针对卫星导航所需的高精度地球定向参数(EOP)中的UT1-UTC预报问题,提出了基于双差分LS+AR的UT1-UTC参数预报方法。对UT1-UTC观测数据进行跳秒检测、固体地球带谐潮汐项改正,然后对改正后的UT1-UTC数据进行双差分处理,增强数据平稳性;采用最小二乘拟合(LS)与自回归(AR)分析方法对差分处理后的数据进行分析与预报;对预报结果进行逆差分处理与潮汐项改正外推、跳秒恢复,获取高精度的UT1-UTC预报值。通过与国际EOP_PCC预报结果对比表明,UT1-UTC短期预报精度与EOP_PCC较优的预报精度相当,其中1天UT1-UTC预报精度优于0.03ms,优于EOP_PCC预报结果。介绍了北京航天飞行控制中心的UT1-UTC每日例行预报情况。     

低合金钢管的焊接工艺及缺陷预防

采用氩弧焊打底,焊条电弧焊填充盖面焊接Cr5Mn低合金钢管,钢管壁厚为12mm,焊接位置为水平固定全位置焊接,在焊接之前,调整好焊接工艺参数,焊接完毕以后,对焊缝外观检验和X射线无损检测,发现焊缝的表面出现少量微裂纹,内部有少量气孔。为了保证焊缝的质量,对缺陷产生的原因进行分析并且采取正确的焊接工艺方法避免焊接缺陷。     

TIG 焊接 Ti - 6Al - 4V 钛合金薄板工艺与组织分析

为探索更合理的焊接工艺方法,作者采用TTG焊接1．2mm的钛合金薄板,分别采用焊接电流为65A、60A、50A和55A焊接四组试样,并对焊件进午亍外观分析、无损检测、拉伸性能测试、金相扫描等检测,通过对比,采用焊接电流为65A,焊接速度为173mm／min,正反面Ar气的流量为10L／min,钨极直径为Ф1．6mm,焊丝直径书1．6mm的工艺参数来焊接1．2mm的TC4钛合金较为合理。     

柔性接头有效摆心漂移特性

设计了带缠裹式防热套的柔性接头,弹性件和防热套材料均采用硅橡胶.研究了柔性接头有效摆心和几何球心的关系,采用2阶四项式Mooney-Rivlin模型模拟弹性件的本构关系,利用ANSYS软件分别仿真计算柔性接头在压强为0,9MPa下不同摆角条件的有效摆心和几何球心漂移,得到了两者的漂移包络线,把仿真的有效摆心漂移结果与试验测量值进行比较,并利用间隙碰撞试验验证了几何球心漂移仿真结果的准确性,在此基础上研究了有效摆心漂移的原因.结果表明:摆心包络线的仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好,有效摆心和几何球心是两个不同的概念,柔性接头的有效摆心漂移在半径为2.5mm,高为1.4mm的圆柱包络面内,而几何球心的漂移在半径为0.013mm,高为0.6mm的圆柱包络面内,有效摆心漂移是由接头各层增强件和弹性件的变形不同引起的.      

Quasars and their emission lines as cosmological probes

Quasars are the most luminous sources in the Universe. They are currently observed out to redshift z≈7$z\approx 7$ when the Universe was less than one tenth of its present age. Since their discovery 50 years ago astronomers have dreamed of using them as standard candles. Unfortunately quasars cover a very large range (8 dex) of luminosity making them far from standard. We briefly review several methods that can potentially exploit quasars properties and allow us to obtain useful constraints on principal cosmological parameters. Using our 4D Eigenvector 1 formalism we have found a way to effectively isolate quasars radiating near the Eddington limit. If the Eddington ratio is known, under several assumptions it is possible to derive distance independent luminosities. We discuss the main statistical and systematic errors involved, and whether these “standard Eddington candles” can be actually used to constrain cosmological models.