对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口快速算法

为减少对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口的计算,根据建立的卫星对区域目标的观测模型,提出了卫星观测区域目标时间窗口的大圆近似快速算法,给出了算法具体步骤。仿真算例结果表明:时间窗口起点误差小于0.5 s,时间窗口长度误差小于0.723%,计算时间减少了99.87%.     

Influence of time variable geopotential models on precise orbits of altimetry satellites,global and regional mean sea level trends

During the last decade a significant progress has been reached in the investigation of the gravity field of the Earth. Besides static, also time variable geopotential models have been recently created. In this paper we investigate the impact of the recent time variable geopotential models on altimetry satellite orbits and such altimetry products based on these orbits, as global and regional mean sea level trends. We show that the modeling of time variable gravity improves the orbit solutions, at least for the GRACE period where time variable gravity is sufficiently accurately observed by this mission. Our analysis includes six geopotential models jointly developed by GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and Space Geodesy Research Group (CNES/GRGS) Toulouse: the stationary model EIGEN-GL04S, a stationary version of EIGEN-6S (EIGEN-6S_stat), a corrected version of EIGEN-6S and three enhanced versions of EIGEN-6S called EIGEN-6S2, EIGEN-6S2A and EIGEN-6S2B. By “stationary” we mean “containing periodic parameters such as annual and semi-annual variations, but no secular (drift) terms”. We computed precise orbits for the radar altimetry satellites ERS-1, ERS-2, TOPEX/Poseidon, and Envisat over 20 years between 1991 and 2011. The orbit, single-mission and multi-mission altimetry crossover analyses show that the time variable models EIGEN-6S_corrected, EIGEN-6S2 and its two precursors EIGEN-6S2A/B perform notably better than the stationary models for the GRACE period from 2003 onwards. Thus, using EIGEN-6S2 and EIGEN-6S2A/B we have got 3.6% smaller root mean square fits of satellite laser ranging observations for Envisat, as when using EIGEN-GL04S. However, for the pre-GRACE period 1991–2003, the stationary geopotential models EIGEN-GL04S and EIGEN-6S_stat as well as EIGEN-6S2 having no drift terms for degree 3–50 at this time interval perform superior compared to EIGEN-6S_correct and EIGEN-6S2A/B which contain drifts for this period. We found, that the time variable geopotential models have a low (0.1–0.2 mm/yr) impact on our results for the global mean sea level trend. However, we found strong East/West differences up to 3 mm/yr in the regional mean sea level trends when using orbits of all four satellites based on time variable and stationary geopotential models. We show that these differences are related to the relative drifts of the centers-of-origin between the orbit solutions based on the time variable and stationary geopotential models. From the results of our detailed study, we conclude that the final version of the time variable gravity field model EIGEN-6S2 performs best for the four satellites tested. This model provides the most reliable and mission-consistent sea level estimates for the whole time period from 1992 to 2010. This model is of maximum spherical harmonic degree and order 260 and contains time series for drifts as well as annual and semiannual variations of the spherical harmonic coefficients for degree 2–50.     

本地标准时间频率的产生与保持

近年来，地方协调时UTC(BIRM)守时能力稳步提升，截至目前，UTC(BIRM)与UTC的相对频率偏差优于3E-14，时间偏差优于20ns。本文概括介绍了守时系统的组成，本地频率驾驭与主备同步技术，以及TA(BIRM)算法研究等。     

网络分析仪时域测量技术综述

矢量网络分析仪直接测量两端口网络的微波特性，是射频微波测量领域中应用最广泛的仪器之一。网络分析仪时域技术在故障点定位、多路径消除、不连续性测试等应用中有着非常重要的意义，但是如何合理选取时域模式和设置参数是困扰工程研究人员的难点。本文对网络分析仪时域测量模式、离散数据取样、频率截断、窗函数、归一化等时域测量理论进行详细介绍，给出了时域测量范围和分辨力的计算方法，并以开路器的时域响应为例，说明了时域测量相关参数的设置依据。     

Laser time transfer and its application in the Galileo programme

We are presenting the new instrument, new technology available and new measurement technique proposal for the Galileo programme – optical detector for the laser time transfer and one way laser ranging ground to space.     

Time and phase synchronization using clutter observations in airborne distributed coherent aperture radars

Airborne Distributed Coherent Aperture Radar(ADCAR) is one of the most promising next-generation radars to significantly improve target detection and discrimination abilities. However, time and phase synchronization among unit radars should be done before an ADCAR is intended to cohere on a potential target. To address this problem, a time and phase synchronization technique using clutter observations is proposed in this paper. Clutter returns from different azimuths and elevations on the surfac...     

信号相干周期的计算与测量

对信号的相干周期与有关测量作了研究，说明该合成信号为准周期函数，具有特殊的周期现象和波形，给出了部分求解结果及其应用。     

不同GNSS在高纬度地区时间传递性能分析

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）载波相位时间传递技术是高精度时间传递领域的主要研究方法之一，但目前关于该部分的研究主要集中在中低纬度地区，在高纬度地区并不多见。不同GNSS由于星座设计不同，在高纬度地区结构差异较大，因此需要对不同GNSS在高纬度地区的时间传递性能进行分析。实验结果表明，在高纬度地区时间传递中，Galileo稳定度最高，GPS和BDS次之，GLONASS最差。同时因在高纬度地区卫星的高度角普遍偏低，为合理平衡低高度角时可视卫星多和多路径误差大的矛盾，对不同截止高度角下获取的链路时间传递性能进行了分析。结果表明，在5°截止高度角下，高纬度地区的时间传递链路稳定性最好。     

BDS-3时间频率传递方法及其性能分析

我国独立自主建设的全球卫星导航系统——北斗三号（BDS-3），在2018年底已完成基本系统建设，计划2020年底全面建成并正式为全球用户提供定位、导航和授时服务。考虑到BDS-3系统与BDS-2区域系统在覆盖范围、卫星载荷、信号设计等方面的差异，其远程时间传递的性能有待进一步分析研究。利用GNSS时间传递中的共视法和载波相位时间传递方法，基于国际时间实验室BDS-2和BDS-3的短基线、长基线时间传递链路，对其时间传递链路的噪声水平和频率稳定度进行定量分析。实验结果表明，对于共视法，在时间传递的噪声水平和频率稳定度方面，BDS-3都明显优于BDS-2；长基线链路的精度为1.48ns（BDS-3）和3.13ns（BDS-2），短基线链路的精度为0.65ns（BDS-3）和1.02ns（BDS-2）。对于载波相位方法，BDS-3和BDS-2时间传递的噪声水平相当，长基线链路的精度为0.20ns，短基线链路的精度为0.02ns；但在频率稳定度方面，BDS-3优于BDS-2。     

强噪声环境下声波信号时延估计方法的比较

声波信号时延的准确估计是实现强噪声环境下声学法高精度测温的关键。介绍了声学测温中基于互相关函数、人工神经网络和小波变换等几种典型的信号时延估计方法．对这3种时延估计方法的实现原理分别进行了论述，分析比较了它们的优缺点，相比于其他两种方法，小波变换技术更适合于强噪声环境下的声波信号的时延估计。