铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头疲劳行为研究

针对Al-Li-S4和2099铝锂合金FSW搭接接头,采用金相组织观察、疲劳性能测试、S-N曲线绘制、断口分析等手段,考察了典型焊接参数下铝锂合金搭接接头的疲劳性能、微观组织,分析了接头断裂形式。     

火星科学实验室进入舱防热材料的发展及相关气动热试验

简要回顾了人类火星探测并成功着陆火星的历史,对火星的基本情况及进入环境进行了介绍。对火星科学实验室项目情况、飞向火星的过程及进入气动热环境进行了描述。详细介绍了火星科学实验室进入舱防热材料的发展及相关气动热试验。     

基于自由尾迹方法的复合材料无铰式旋翼气弹稳定性分析

基于有限元理论及自由尾迹方法,建立了一套适用于各向异性复合材料无铰式旋翼的气弹稳定性分析方法.为了模拟复合材料旋翼气弹特性,截面特性参数采用二维线性有限元方法分析得到,展向一维梁则采用考虑剪切变形的23自由度非线性梁单元模拟,并将自由尾迹分析模型用于计算旋翼非均匀诱导速度场,基于升力线模型构建了一个高效且较为精细的气动分析模块.在此基础上开展了无铰式旋翼气弹稳定性分析,算例计算及验证表明建立的模型能有效地用于复合材料旋翼非定常气动载荷预估及进行气弹稳定性分析.最后细致分析并获得了复合材料铺层角对无铰式旋翼气弹稳定性参数的影响规律,结果表明:算例在小拉力系数(0.0025)下,截面竖直铺层角在10°到25°会发生气弹稳定性问题,这在真实型号设计中应当注意避免.      

含超级铝热剂双基推进剂的感度特性

采用超声分散复合法制备了铝热剂Al/PbO、Al/CuO和A1/Bi2O3,在评估其与双基推进剂主要组分相容性的基础上,将其应用于双基推进剂中.依据国军标方法考察了含不同铝热剂双基(MIC-DB)推进剂的机械感度,运用静电火花感度测试仪评估了不同MIC-DB推进剂对静电刺激响应的危险性,采用爆发点法测定了几种MIC-DB推进剂的热感度.结果表明,铝热剂对双基推进剂样品撞击感度的影响很小,几个配方的摩擦感度略显稍大,铝热剂种类对摩擦感度的影响很小;含超级铝热剂双基推进剂的静电火花感度均较低;含超级铝热剂双基推进剂的热感度受铝粉粒度差异和铝热剂类别(铝热剂中金属氧化物)不同的影响,含纳米级超级铝热剂双基推进剂对热的抵抗能力均比微米级的大.     

关于单元表面吸收率的系统温度误差计算

利用系统灵敏度理论和系统误差统计理论,通过引入辐射传递系数和角系数间的关系,针对漫发射、漫反射热系统,提出了关于单元表面吸收率的系统温度误差计算方法。以立方体内表面间的辐射换热为例,采用该计算方法对系统温度误差进行了计算。通过分析比较表明:采用该方法得到系统温度灵敏度具有较高计算精度,系统统计温度误差受实验次数影响,并且在均方差较小的情况下,系统统计温度误差之比等于系统温度灵敏度之比的绝对值。     

平板型CPL的设计与实验研究

在对毛细抽吸两相流体回路(CPL)系统进行了系统分析的基础上,设计了平板型CPL,并且搭建了CPL系统实验平台,做了各种工况的启动实验和变热负荷实验。实验结果表明,多孔芯冷凝器平板型CPL系统具有良好的启动性能,并且系统在运行过程中工作稳定,较好地抑制了系统的压力波动。     

Degradation of thermal control materials under a simulated radiative space environment

A spacecraft with a passive thermal control system utilizes various thermal control materials to maintain temperatures within safe operating limits. Materials used for spacecraft applications are exposed to harsh space environments such as ultraviolet (UV) and particle (electron, proton) irradiation and atomic oxygen (AO), undergo physical damage and thermal degradation, which must be considered for spacecraft thermal design optimization and cost effectiveness. This paper describes the effect of synergistic radiation on some of the important thermal control materials to verify the assumptions of beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) properties. Studies on the degradation in the optical properties (solar absorptance and infrared emittance) of some important thermal control materials exposed to simulated radiative geostationary space environment are discussed. The current studies are purely related to the influence of radiation on the degradation of the materials; other environmental aspects (e.g., thermal cycling) are not discussed. The thermal control materials investigated herein include different kind of second-surface mirrors, white anodizing, white paints, black paints, multilayer insulation materials, varnish coated aluminized polyimide, germanium coated polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE). For this purpose, a test in the constant vacuum was performed reproducing a three year radiative space environment exposure, including ultraviolet and charged particle effects on North/South panels of a geostationary three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Reflectance spectra were measured in situ in the solar range (250–2500 nm) and the corresponding solar absorptance values were calculated. The test methodology and the degradations of the materials are discussed. The most important degradations among the low solar absorptance materials were found in the white paints whereas the rigid optical solar reflectors remained quite stable. Among the high solar absorptance elements, as such the change in the solar absorptance was very low, in particular the germanium coated polyimide was found highly stable.     

地外天体潜入式探测典型案例分析及展望

针对地外天体星壤剖面的潜入式探测任务,对星球表面热场、星壤剖面原位力学特性等科学目标探测的基本原理、实现方案和典型案例进行了资料调研与分析,并阐明了国际上开展地外天体星壤剖面潜入式探测活动的目的和科学意义。在此基础上,提出了我国月面采样科学目标拓展方案以及我国开展潜入式探测的预先研究规划,对蠕动掘进和冲击贯入式探测方案的基本原理和应用前景进行了分析。     

Monte-Carlo方法在黑体空腔有效发射率计算中的应用

采用Monte-Carlo法对圆柱型等温空腔的有效发射率进行计算,对影响空腔有效发射率的一些因素进行了分析,并讨论了腔壁材料的光谱发射率对空腔有效发射率的影响,为黑体空腔的设计计算提供理论计算依据。