纯电动城市客车EMB执行机构驱动电机制动性能分析

传统气压制动系统存在压缩机、制动油箱和空气管路,占据较大空间,而采用电子机械制动(EMB)系统代替,不但可以减小空间,还能实现对夹紧力的快速响应和精确控制。以纯电动城市客车为目标车型,讨论了EMB执行机构方案,根据传统气压盘式制动器最大夹紧力推导出电机的堵转转矩和空载转速。据此设计了永磁无刷直流驱动电机,堵转转矩为10 N·m,空载转速为370 r/min。在Maxwell 2D中搭建驱动电机有限元模型,分析电机在消除间隙阶段和夹紧力增加阶段的制动性能。结果表明所设计的驱动电机制动性能可满足要求。     

Aerodynamic performance enhancement for flapping airfoils by co-flow jet

Introducing active flow control into the design of flapping wing is an effective way to enhance its aerodynamic performance. In this paper, a novel active flow control technology called Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) is applied to flapping airfoils. The effect of CFJ on aerodynamic performance of flapping airfoils at low Reynolds number is numerically investigated using Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulation with Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. Numerical methods are validated by a NACA6415-based CFJ airfoil case and a S809 pitching airfoil case. Then NACA6415 baseline airfoil and NACA6415-based CFJ airfoil with jet-off and jet-on are simulated in flapping motion, with Reynolds number 70,000 and reduced frequency 0.2. As a result, CFJ airfoils with jet-on generally have better lift and thrust characteristics than baseline airfoils and jet-off airfoil when C_μ is greater than 0.04, which results from the CFJ effect of reducing flow separation by injecting high-energy fluid into boundary layer. Besides, typical kinematic and geometric parameters, including the reduced frequency and the positions of the suction and injection slot, are systematically studied to figure out their influence on aerodynamic performance of the CFJ airfoil. And a variable C_μ jet control strategy is proposed to further improve effective propulsive efficiency. Compared with using constant C_μ, an increase of effective propulsive efficiency by 22.6% has been achieved by using prescribed variable C_μ for NACA6415-based CFJ airfoil at frequency 0.2. This study may provide some guidance to performance enhancement for Flapping wing Micro Air Vehicles (FMAV).     

基于自动控制的蒸汽式热压机加热控制系统研究

介绍一种用于多层加热加压聚合生产绝缘材料的热压机加热系统,它具有自动化程度高、高效、节能的特点,将现有的蒸汽式加热系统的温度均匀性控制提高到一个新的台阶。     

共轴倾转旋翼性能计算方法

共轴倾转旋翼飞行器是一款可折叠机翼的高速旋翼飞行器。本文建立了适用于共轴倾转旋翼飞行器直升机模式、倾转过渡模式和固定翼飞机模式的旋翼性能计算方法,并对比风洞试验数据验证了共轴倾转旋翼轴流状态的性能和共轴双旋翼前飞状态的性能。在此基础上,分析了共轴倾转旋翼在倾转过渡状态各性能参数的变化规律、上下旋翼诱导速度的分布情况、上下旋翼之间的干扰面积和干扰因子的变化趋势。结论表明:相同来流速度下,当倾转角增大,共轴倾转旋翼的拉力系数减小,功率系数先增大后减小,上下旋翼的受干扰面积和干扰因子均增大。     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

固体冲压发动机喷管用C/C-SiC复合材料

采用"化学气相渗透+先驱体浸渍裂解"(CVI+PIP)混合工艺制备固体冲压发动机用C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层,综合考查复合材料的微观结构、弯曲性能和抗烧蚀性能以及固冲发动机C/C-SiC喷管内层水压和点火实验。结果表明:复合材料的弯曲强度达到197 MPa,且断裂破坏行为呈现典型的韧性模式;复合材料具有优异的抗氧化烧蚀性能,氧化烧蚀200 s后线烧蚀率仅为0.0063 mm·s-1;研制的C/C-SiC复合材料构件的水压爆破压强为6.5 MPa,表明构件具有良好的整体承载能力;C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层高温综合性能通过了固体冲压发动机点火实验考核。     

A time-frequency analysis of the thermal radiation background anomalies caused by large earthquakes: A case study of the Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake

Strong earthquakes have an impact on the regional thermal radiation background, which has been both observed and confirmed. This effect produces anomalies in the thermal radiation background (TRBA) and increases the difficulty of extracting a thermal radiation anomaly (TRA) that is associated with an earthquake occurring during the same time period. The extraction and identification of such anomalies has been ignored by previous studies. In this study, we investigate the time-frequency analysis (TFA) method, together with the wavelet filtering of the Daubechies method and the relative power spectrum analysis of the Fourier Welch method to extract and analyse the TRBA caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake and the TRA of the 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian Ms 6.6 earthquake using data concerning the brightness temperature of a black body (TBB) from the Fengyun-2 series of geostationary meteorological satellites developed by China. The result showed that this method can effectively extract and analyse the TRBA caused by the Wenchuan earthquake and the TRA of the Minxian-Zhangxian earthquake form a complex background environment. Furthermore, we discussed the impact of the earthquake on the TRBA and segmented the process. The impact is mainly reflected by three aspects; the characteristic period of the TRBA changes, the TRBA occurs at the same time every year, which is identical to the time at which the earthquake anomaly occurred, and the impact process is in stages. We also summarized the correlation between the characteristic parameters of a TRA and the regional thermal radiation background, geography, and climatic factors.     

前向数据接入方式对导航星座网络通信性能的影响分析

对采用时分多址轮询建链体制的导航星座星间链路网络，为了指导星间链路网络地面前向数据接入的应用，分析了不同地面前向数据接入方式的星-星-地联合数据交互机制及其对网络通信性能的影响，并结合应用代价给出了综合评价和使用建议。以前向数据最快路径接入方式和固定节点接入方式为代表，分析了星间链路网络与地面间星 星 地联合数据交互机制的特点，明确了两种方式下星间链路网络拓扑路由规划策略的制定原则。通过构建Walker 24/3/1导航星座星间链路网络数据处理模型及典型星地运行场景，对两种地面前向数据接入方式仿真分析了星间链路通信容量和传输时延等网络通信性能，比较分析了通信容量及数据拥塞规律，得出前向数据最快路径接入方式相比于固定节点接入方式在通信性能上有较明显优势的结论。最后，综合给出了两种星 星 地联合数据交互机制的应用性评价,同时给出了在通信容量较低且通信时延要求不高、但可靠性要求较高的应用条件下，可适度采用固定节点接入方式的建议。     

高空飞行环境中液体运载火箭底部热环境研究

采用数值模拟和飞行测试验证相结合的方法对液体运载火箭高空对流/辐射耦合换热问题开展系统深入研究。基于燃气多组分输运Navier-Stokes方程、热辐射方程、Realizable k-ε两方程湍流模型，建立了高空含自由流的运载火箭燃气喷流流动模型。辐射模型采用离散坐标法(DOM)，空间离散采用二阶迎风TVD格式，对多个典型飞行高度火箭底部热流进行大型并行计算，将数值结果与试验数据进行广泛对比，验证了计算模型的精度和有效性。数值研究表明，火箭底部辐射热流在刚起飞阶段达到最大值，随着飞行高度上升，辐射热流逐渐降低，火箭底部对流热流表现为先升高后降低的趋势，并在20 km高空达到峰值。本文的预测分析方法对液体运载火箭底部热防护设计具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。