Numerical simulations of water spray on flame deflector during the four-engine rocket launching

This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process.     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

A time-frequency analysis of the thermal radiation background anomalies caused by large earthquakes: A case study of the Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake

Strong earthquakes have an impact on the regional thermal radiation background, which has been both observed and confirmed. This effect produces anomalies in the thermal radiation background (TRBA) and increases the difficulty of extracting a thermal radiation anomaly (TRA) that is associated with an earthquake occurring during the same time period. The extraction and identification of such anomalies has been ignored by previous studies. In this study, we investigate the time-frequency analysis (TFA) method, together with the wavelet filtering of the Daubechies method and the relative power spectrum analysis of the Fourier Welch method to extract and analyse the TRBA caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake and the TRA of the 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian Ms 6.6 earthquake using data concerning the brightness temperature of a black body (TBB) from the Fengyun-2 series of geostationary meteorological satellites developed by China. The result showed that this method can effectively extract and analyse the TRBA caused by the Wenchuan earthquake and the TRA of the Minxian-Zhangxian earthquake form a complex background environment. Furthermore, we discussed the impact of the earthquake on the TRBA and segmented the process. The impact is mainly reflected by three aspects; the characteristic period of the TRBA changes, the TRBA occurs at the same time every year, which is identical to the time at which the earthquake anomaly occurred, and the impact process is in stages. We also summarized the correlation between the characteristic parameters of a TRA and the regional thermal radiation background, geography, and climatic factors.     

高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料3D打印及其应用探索

纤维增强树脂基复合材料具有优异的力学性能,能够实现轻质、高性能结构的制造,但传统的成型工艺过程复杂、成本高,难以实现纤维回收利用,限制了纤维增强树脂基复合材料的广泛应用.3D打印技术是一种新兴的零件成形工艺,将3D打印技术应用于纤维增强树脂基复合材料的制造,为实现复合材料低成本、绿色制造提供了可能性.综述了纤维增强树脂基复合材料3D打印技术研究的发展现状,提出了一种高性能连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料3D打印工艺及其回收再制造策略.     

航空表面涂层技术的应用与发展

航空表面涂层技术是航空制造技术的重要组成部分,涂层材料与涂层制造技术创新对提高航空零部件产品性能、降低能源消耗、提升产品可靠性及服役寿命具有重要意义.主要对涉及航空工业领域热障涂层、复合材料表面环境障涂层、高温可磨耗封严涂层及纳米涂层技术的应用现状与研究进展进行了阐述.     

深冷组合循环发动机吸气模态循环分析与设计可行域研究

为了研究类似SABRE3结构的深冷组合循环发动机,建立了基于部件法的发动机设计点热力学计算模型,提出了发动机氦循环新的循环效率和循环特征参数的定义。考虑发动机参数的物理限制条件及不同工质循环之间的相互影响,求解得到了空气路、氦气路重要参数的设计可行域。在可行域内开展了空气路和氦气路的循环分析,获到了冷却当量比、性能参数等主要参数的分布结果。结果表明:此发动机空气热功转换比ηt2为0.02～0.746。氦循环设计可行域受ηt2及换热器热负荷限制;循环起始温度和热负荷限制确定的情况下,ηt2越低氦循环可行域越窄。降低发动机冷却当量比的关键是:提高换热器1的氦出口温度以降低氦流量;当换热器1和换热器2的氦出口温度同时取得最大值时,冷却当量比取得最小值。换热器1和2的氦出口温度分别取1200K和1300K时,空气路可行域内冷却当量比为0.917～2.64。     

航天飞行器热防护涂层研究进展

近年来,新研航天飞行器气动热环境往往具有高焓、高热流密度和长时间加热等特点,这促使防热材料的研制朝着低密度、高抗烧蚀、优良隔热等性能的方向发展。受自身材料类型的限制,无论烧蚀型(树脂基)或非烧蚀型(陶瓷基)防热材料都可以通过对烧蚀表面进行涂层处理的手段达到弥补材料性能短板,提高使用性能的目的。本文试图梳理、总结国内外近年来热防护系统用涂层材料的发展状况,探讨各自的优势和缺点,并提出了针对树脂基复合材料热防护涂层可能趋势的推测。     

考虑轨道摄动的外热流计算分析

为改进传统外热流算法未考虑外热流经多次反射后的吸收和国外商业软件未考虑轨道摄动及太阳矢量变化对外热流的影响等不足,重新定义了外热流角系数和外热流辐射传递因子,综合SGP4轨道模型和Gebhart方法,给出了考虑摄动等因素的辐射传递因子和轨道外热流计算模型,以及相应的计算流程。通过仿真分析论证了考虑多次反射及摄动等因素的重要性。     

Aerothermodynamic and stability analyses of a deployable re-entry capsule

Recent research projects, in the field of atmospheric re-entry technology, are focused on the design of deployable, umbrella-like Thermal Protection Systems (TPSs). These TPSs are made of flexible high temperature resistant fabrics, folded at launch and deployed in space for de-orbit and re-entry operations. In the present paper two possible sphere–cone configurations for the TPS have been investigated from an aerodynamic point of view. The analyzed configurations are characterized by the same reentry mass and maximum diameter, but have different half-cone angles (45° and 60°). The analyses involve both the evaluation of thermal and aerodynamic loads and the assessment of the capsule longitudinal stability. The aerothermodynamic analysis has been performed for the completely deployed heat shield in transitional and continuum regimes, while the longitudinal stability has been analyzed in free molecular, transitional and continuum regimes, also taking into consideration the heat shield deployment sequence at high altitudes.