Conceptual design of near-space synthetic aperture radar for high-resolution and wide-swath imaging

Airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the capability of high-resolution, and spaceborne SAR has the capability of wide-swath. Inspired by recent advances in near-space defined as the region between 20 km and 100 km, this paper conceptually designed near-space vehicle-borne SAR. The near-space vehicle-borne SAR has the synthetical advantages of the satellite and airplane platforms. By placing SAR transmitter or receiver in near-space vehicles, many functions that are currently performed with satellites or airplanes could be performed in low cost way. These advantages make simultaneous high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging possible. As such, this paper focuses on the role of near-space vehicle for high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging, and deals with conceptual performance, as opposed to technological implementation. The concepts, models and processing algorithms are provided. To further suppress the azimuth ambiguities and extend swath width, multiple beams in azimuth is applied. Furthermore, an example near-space vehicle-borne SAR is designed. It is shown that the use of cost effective near-space vehicles can provide the solutions that were previously thought to be out of reach for remote sensing scientists and customers.     

机载SAR成像对瞄准线运动补偿的要求

飞机偏离匀速直线运动的运动误差是机载合成孔径雷达成像的基本困难之一。通过详细的理论推导,给出了当飞机沿瞄准线方向同时存在恒定速度误差,恒定加速度误差和正确弦摆动速度误差时,以回波信号压缩波形的主瓣偏移,二次相位误差,三次相位误差以及积分旁瓣比等ＳＡＲ系统图像质量指标的最大允许值表示的机载正侧视ＳＡＲ运动补偿定量要求的解析式。并结合一例子进行了计算分析,所得结论可供有关人员参考。     

星载合成孔径雷达的分辨特性

较全面和详细地论述了星载合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）的分辨特性;导出了距离分辨率、方位分辨率和辐射分辨率的定量关系式;阐述了多种辐射分辨率定义的内涵,并对其错误概率进行了比较;介绍了ＳＡＲ图像的分辨体积和可懂度的概念,并且完成了ＳＡＲ图像分辨特性的方形等效。这些论述对于ＳＡＲ图像质量的评估和比较,以及系统参数的折衷设计具有重要意义。     

分布式SAR超分辨成像的卫星编队构形优化设计方法

编队构形设计是分布式卫星系统总体设计的关键问题,提出了一种编队构形优化设计方法。针对主星带辅星群体制分布式合成孔径雷达(SAR)超分辨率任务,从优化系统效能的角度出发,将满足超分辨性能的时间比率和分辨率改善因子作为编队构形优化设计的目标函数,以基线矢量为中间变量,建立了目标函数与编队卫星轨道根数的关系,并采用遗传算法求解。对不同卫星数目的编队系统进行了优化设计仿真,并与干涉车轮和钟摆编队构形方案进行了分析比较,数值结果验证了该优化设计方法的有效性和正确性。该设计方法还可改变优化目标函数,以适应用户的任务要求。     

受Faraday旋转影响的极化SAR数据的校准

合成孔径雷达的极化校准的根本目的是校正各个极化通道的极化不纯度和通道间的不平衡量,而对于星载系统,还要考虑受到Faraday旋转引入的极化矢量偏移的影响。文章首先利用电磁数值计算的方法获得点目标的极化散射矩阵,利用Kroneker积的性质得到极化校准模型,从而得到极化校准矩阵。由于不需要得到各个通道具体的失真特性,以及Faraday旋转的具体大小,因此该方法更容易实现。最后利用计算机仿真,验证了该方法的有效性。     

The evaluation of damped Newton variational ocean wind retrieval method

This paper researches on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ocean wind retrieval approach, evaluates the method of Damped Newton VARiational method (DNVAR) and the direct method (DIRECT) using two years’ real SAR data and different background winds. Experiments are carried out using SENTINEL-1 SAR information as observation, National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy data as in-situ data, Global Forecast System (GFS), Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT), WindSAT, and Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) wind products as background data. Thousands of match-ups are extracted. Results show that DNVAR can improve the wind field accuracy when the background data is ASCAT and CCMP. Especially, DNVAR wind speed results are much better than the official product of SENTINEL-1 wind data. The background data is crucial to the wind field retrieval results, so high accuracy of background data could lead to high accuracy results.     

Robust adaptive filtering method for SINS/SAR integrated navigation system

This paper presents a new robust adaptive filtering method for SINS/SAR (Strap-down Inertial Navigation System/Synthetic Aperture Radar) integrated navigation system. This method adopts the principle of robust estimation to adaptive filtering of observational data. A robust adaptive filter is developed to adaptively determine the covariance matrix of observation noise, and adaptively adjust the covariance matrix of system state noise according to the adaptive factor constructed based on predicted residuals. Experimental results and comparison analysis demonstrate that the proposed method cannot only effectively resist disturbances due to system state noise and observation noise, but it can also achieve higher accuracy than the adaptive Kalman filtering method.     

高分辨率星载斜视SAR的姿态导引

高分辨星载斜视合成孔径雷达回波信号中,多普勒中心频率随距离向的变化通常是十分显著的.这种变化导致系统需要更高的脉冲重复频率来实现方位向无混叠采样.然而,过高的脉冲重复频率将引起严重的距离模糊、极大的数据率,并将限制成像区域大小.本文推导了一种新的全零多普勒导引方法,并在此基础上提出了一种最小化多普勒中心频率随距离变化的姿态导引方法,从而能够最大限度地降低系统脉冲重复频率.根据星地空间几何关系和姿态导引原理,文中推导了实现全零多普勒导引的偏航角和俯仰角的解析表达式,并进一步给出了最小化多普勒中心频率随距离变化的姿态导引规律.最后通过计算机仿真,验证了该方法的有效性.     

一种自适应各向异性的SAR图像去噪算法

为了在抑制噪声时尽可能保留图像边缘信息,提出一种自适应各向异性SAR图像去噪算法。该方法设计一组具有不同尺度和方向的滤波器模板,针对不同图像边缘的局部特征计算出滤波器的尺度和方向,选择最优匹配的各向异性滤波器,从而可以在抑制噪声的同时很好地保留边缘。仿真实验表明,提出的自适应各向异性SAR图像去噪算法具有很强的噪声抑制和边缘保持能力,并且具有较高的实效性。