基于合成卷积层网络结构的焊缝X射线图片缺陷筛选技术

焊接技术应用于多个领域,近些年焊缝缺陷自动检测技术成为了重要的研究方向。本文基于VGG-16卷积神经网络的良好分类性能,提出一种SC-VGG网络结构,利用合成卷积层替换了单个卷积层,同时改进了训练过程中的损失函数,使网络结构更为关注焊缝缺陷类型预测的结果。经过实验测试,SC-VGG网络结构在训练过程中损失函数曲线可以很好的收敛,与其他网络结构相比对焊缝缺陷特征的提取性能更好,平均准确率和召回率达到了95.86%和98.33%,为焊缝缺陷自动化识别提供了算法支撑。     

一种融合MRF分割与数学形态学的道路提取算法

针对高分辨率合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR）图像中道路目标难以有效提取的问题,提出一种融合马尔可夫随机场（Markov Random Field, MRF）分割与数学形态学处理的高分辨率SAR图像道路提取算法。该算法首先利用直方图均衡化和增强Lee滤波对SAR图像进行预处理,实现道路的边缘增强,抑制相干斑噪声;进而利用基于条件迭代模式（Iterated Conditional Mode, ICM）的MRF对SAR图像中的道路目标进行初分割;再用数学形态学填充空洞,平滑道路边缘;最后,基于道路的几何特征,使用偏心率、矩阵度、复杂度等因子去除虚警,从而提取出道路目标。利用该文算法对两块实际高分辨率SAR图像进行道路目标提取,均可以取得90%以上的正确道路提取率,表明本文算法具有较高的道路提取精度。     

Imaging of target with complicated motion using ISAR system based on IPHAF-TVA

The technique of imaging a target with a complicated motion using an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) system is an effective tool in the field of radar signal processing. After the translational compensation, the received signal reflected from the target can take the form of a multi-component Polynomial Phase Signal (m-PPS), and the high quality ISAR image can be provided via the combination between the estimated parameters of the m-PPS and the Range Instantaneous-Doppler technique (RID). For a target with a high maneuvrability, the occurrence of scatterers Migration Through Resolution Cell (MTRC), caused by the rotational movement could be appearing. That is why the variation in the amplitude of the echo during the time of observation cannot be neglected. The purpose of this study is the parameters estimation of the m-PPS signal with order three in the case of the Time Varying Amplitude (TVA). The Improved-version of the Product High-order Ambiguity Function (IPHAF) with TVA is proposed to improve the quality of the ISAR image compared with traditional techniques based on a constant amplitude; the experimental outcomes confirm that the new IPHAF-TVA method presented in this study is an effective technique to make the ISAR image very clear.     

Synergetic use of SAR and Thermal Infrared data to study the physical properties of the lunar surface

The surface layer of the Moon preserves vital evidences of lunar impact and cratering processes due to the absence of any Aeolian and fluvial erosion processes acting on it. By examining these evidences, which are recorded throughout the evolutionary history of the Moon, several basic aspects of lunar science can be understood, and this has direct relevance to the surfaces of other airless bodies within the solar system. In this study, rock abundance data obtained from Thermal Infrared (TIR) observations and radar Circular Polarization Ratio (CPR) data sets obtained from polarimetric SAR observations were correlated at some sample sites on the lunar surface. Preliminary results yielded qualitative and quantitative estimates for surface rock abundances. Except at distal ejecta deposits of young, bright craters a general correlation was observed between the two datasets. Mixed results were observed from the impact melt flows where the situation is complex due to the possible subsurface-volume and volume-subsurface interactions of the radar waves. But the flow features were clearly separated from the interior and ejecta regions of their parent craters in terms of CPR and rock abundances. The extent and distributions of pyroclastic deposits and dark haloed regions could not be distinctly identified at the resolution of datasets utilized. Near Gerasimovich D crater, the Diviner Radiometer has provided the first TIR observations of a newly discovered impact melt flow which was not visible in the optical imagery. This facilitated the first ever quantitative comparisons of the radar CPR and rock abundance values near such a region. Also, significant differences in spatial patterns between the radar and rock concentration data sets were observed, owing to the differences in the sensitivity of the two observations.     

对合成孔径雷达的步进移频干扰

为了使压制干扰获得更多的SAR匹配处理增益,从而进一步降低干扰功率,提出了一种脉内脉间二维部分相干干扰：步进移频干扰。该干扰在保留信号脉内脉间相位特性的同时,让干扰载频在脉间步进递增或递减变化,人为产生距离向和方位向的耦合效应。理论分析和仿真实验表明,该干扰可同时获得SAR在距离向和方位向的部分匹配处理增益,因而降低了干扰功率需求。此外,该干扰的SAR成像输出为一个干扰区域,无需复杂的复合调制即可作为压制干扰掩护分布式目标,干扰实施简单,是一种有效的SAR压制干扰方式。
     

一种适用于椭圆轨道的新型偏航导引规律

多普勒特性是星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据处理中关键参数之一,对方位向性能以及成像精度都有着非常重要的影响。基于轨道动力学理论,该文简要论述了传统偏航导引方法和全零多普勒方法,并分别分析了它们应用于椭圆轨道时的不足之处,提出了一种新的适用于椭圆轨道的偏航导引方法。利用TerraSAR\|X卫星轨道参数,分别使用这三种方法进行了数值仿真,仿真结果表明,使用新的偏航导引方法后,多普勒中心频率被减小到不超过5Hz,比传统的偏航导引方法缩小了约一百倍,比基于瞬时圆轨道的全零多普勒方法缩小了超过5倍,表明了该方法的优势及有效性。     

DBF\|SAR系统1比特量化设计

为解决DBF\|SAR系统数据率巨大和星上处理复杂的问题,提出了一种将各通道回波和距离向匹配滤波器都1比特量化的处理方法。首先证明当回波信噪比较低时,符号位已包含了目标的幅度信息,从而为1比特量化提供了可能;在此基础上,利用各通道间信号相关性强而噪声相关性弱的特点,通过数字波束成形技术,提高了系统信噪比。接着探讨了该方法的硬件实现结构和资源消耗情况。最后,仿真结果表明了方法的有效性。该方法在不明显降低成像质量的前提下,简化了系统电路设计和减小了数据率,对DBF\|SAR系统的工程实现有一定参考价值。     

航天发射场加注系统风险评估技术研究

针对航天发射场加注系统风险评估主观随意性较大的问题,提出了基于综合云的多属性风险评估方法,并对某发射场加注系统的运行状态进行了风险评估.首先应用属性约简算法将加注系统风险源权重的确定问题转化为粗糙集理论中属性重要性的评价问题,通过计算得到加注系统各风险源的权重,从而使得加注系统风险源权重的确定更具客观性和合理性;其次,对综合云公式进行了改进,使权重系数直接参与不确定性计算,充分考虑了加注系统性能指标的评分误差给最终结果带来的各种影响.评估结果表明:1)当前使用中的加注泵性能为良偏下,此时的加注系统已经存在了安全隐患,需要更换新的加注泵,否则就容易发生危险;2)该方法能够进一步得到加注系统实际的更多细微信息,结果更加贴近实际.     

SAR图像伪加性相干斑噪声统计特性

研究了SAR图像加性模型中伪加性相干斑噪声分量的统计特性。分析了SAR图像中真实信号分量和乘性相干斑噪声分量的统计特性;在此基础上结合Edgeworth展开式和以Mellin变换为基础的第二类型特征函数及其对数累积量详细推导了伪加性相干斑噪声概率密度函数的近似表达式;各信号分量的概率密度函数中的参数采用对数累积量方法进行估计。最后利用SAR实测数据仿真分析了伪加性相干斑噪声的统计特性。实验结果表明,乘性的相干斑噪声转换为加性噪声后,其统计特性非常接近于高斯分布。