离心式喷嘴内部流动过程数值仿真分析

基于Coupled Level Set+VOF两相流计算方法,分别模拟了敞口型与收口型离心式喷嘴内部流动过程,可视化展示了喷嘴内部填充过程,分析了喷嘴内部的流动特性及其详细流场结构.捕捉到液膜表面波动和液膜表面内侧空气中的涡.结果表明:液膜表面波波谷内侧的空气中有涡存在,涡心连线处在轴向速度零速线上;喷嘴出口截面的轴向速度和切向速度具有明显的分区流动特征.液膜表面波的波谷-波峰和气体中的涡存在挤压与被挤压的相互作用,它们之间通过相界面变形传递这种气液间相互作用.另外,将外喷雾场的计算结果与实验结果对比,两者吻合较好,间接验证了内流场计算结果的准确性.     

Numerical simulation of flow in swirl injector for power-law fluid

In order to investigate the flow characteristics of swirl injectors for gelled propellants, which actually behaved as non-Newtonian power-law fluid, a swirl axisymmetric model was established to solve Navier-Stokes equations and VOF (volume of fluid) equation, and the power-law constitutive equation was used to describe the rheology characteristics of the gelled propellants. The film thickness and velocity distribution in the swirl injector under different flow conditions were studied numerically. The simulation results show that the increased geometry characteristic parameter of the swirl injector contributes to the decrease of liquid film thickness. The liquid film thickness is almost independent of the pressure drop. The rheologic parameters have great influences on the inner flow of swirl injector: by increasing the fluid consistency index K and power index n, both the axial and the swirl velocities decrease dramatically; higher fluid consistency index K and power index n make the liquid film thickness increase. When the viscosity is large enough, the air core in the injector would vanish.      

某燃气轮机空气雾化喷嘴的试验研究

进行了某型燃机空气雾化喷嘴燃油喷雾特性的试验研究。得到以下结论：在油压不变的情况下,雾化锥角总是随着空气压力的增加有所减小,索特尔平均直径SMD随之迅速减小,整体减小幅度大约在10-30μm;气压不变时,雾化锥角和索特尔平均直径随着油压的增加而稍有增大;当气压为0.3MPa时,索特尔平均直径基本都保持在30μm以内。     

固体燃料冲压发动机旋流燃烧特性试验

为研究固体燃料冲压发动机旋流燃烧特性,进行了直流与旋流对比直连式试验。固体装药内径40mm,长180 mm,成分为HTPB中加入65%的金属粉末。试验发动机采用火炬式点火器点火,空气由燃烧补氧式空气加热器加热至690 K,热空气流量300 g/s。试验测量了压力、推力等参数,使用监控录像对发动机尾焰进行拍摄,通过测量试验前后装药质量差获得固体燃料平均燃速。旋流试验未将旋流器伸入燃烧室即实现了火焰稳定,且旋流燃烧比直流燃烧表现出更好的稳定性,平均燃速较直流提高近50%。旋流燃烧尾焰存在明显的径向扩张,表明尾焰仍有切向动量,损失了部分推力。     

速度比对气-气喷嘴燃烧性能的影响

为研究应用于全流量补燃循环发动机的气-气喷嘴,开展气氢/气氧为推进剂的同轴剪切喷嘴的热试试验研究。通过测量燃烧室压力和燃烧室壁面温度,研究氢氧速度比变化对燃烧效率和对燃烧室热载荷的影响。结果显示燃烧效率受到速度比和推进剂喷射绝对速度的影响;燃烧室热载荷随速度比增大而增大。气-气喷注器的设计应选择小的氧喷注压降和适合的速度比。     

基于正交设计的气-气喷嘴数值模拟

通过应用正交表安排喷嘴的主要参数以进行设计,并对以气氢/气氧为推进剂的同轴剪切喷嘴进行数值模拟.选择燃烧位置为评价喷嘴性能的参数,研究单喷嘴质量流量、氧喷嘴压降、速度比和氧喷嘴出口角度对喷嘴的燃烧位置的影响.通过对数值模拟的结果的极差和方差分析表明:增大流量使推进剂的燃烧位置远离喷注面,流量是对燃烧位置影响程度最大参数;提高速度比使燃烧位置与喷注面距离缩短,而氧压降和氧喷嘴出口角度变化对燃烧位置的影响较小.      

外涵引气双层壁喷油杆冷却特性数值模拟

通过数值模拟对新型加力用外涵引气双层壁喷油杆冷却性能进行了研究.该喷油杆为双层壁结构, 从外涵引气冷却喷油杆.首先对实验油杆冷却性能进行了计算, 并与油杆冷却性能模拟实验结果进行了对比, 两者变化规律基本符合, 表明该计算方法可用.随后用该方法对真实加力室油杆冷却性能进行了计算, 得到该喷油杆在真实加力室4个工况下外套及油杆内壁温度分布及从外涵引气量.数值模拟结果表明该双层壁喷油杆方案可以有效引气和降温, 使得喷油杆在高温的加力燃烧室内能正常工作.      

Performance comparison of aero-ramp and transverse injector based on gas-pilot flame

A direct performance comparison between the four-hole aero-ramp injector and single transverse injector in a dual-mode scramjet combustor was conducted. The mixing characteristics of two injectors were calculated by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the help of the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results show that the far field mixing efficiency of the aero-ramp injector is higher than that of the single transverse injector. High enthalpy vitiated air was heated to a total temperature of 1200K by hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the isolator entrance at a Mach number of 2.0. Non-reacting experimental conditions involved sonic injection of nitrogen to safely simulate ethylene injected into the combustor at a jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 2.6. Schlieren photographs were obtained to analyze the shock structure around the injectors. Reacting test conditions involved sonic injection of ethylene at the jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.7. High speed camera was used to capture the flame structures in the near-field combustion. The experimental results show that the aero-ramp injector produce sustained combustion over a wider range of fuel-air ratios than the single transverse injector. At the identical jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio, the aero-ramp has a larger isolator margin than the single transverse injector, demonstrating a better ability for avoiding overflows. However, the air specific impulse and total temperature recovery of two injectors, which are calculated by the one-dimensional (1-D) performance analysis code, are almost identical.      

鲁泊数和孔径比对直流互击式喷注器性能的影响

设计高性能喷注器、提高发动机比冲性能是发动机设计者一直追求的目标。对于直流互击式喷注器,鲁泊数和孔径比是影响喷注器性能的两个关键参数,而且两者之间有一定关联。为了初步研究鲁泊数和孔径比参数对直流互击式喷注器性能的影响,合理匹配两者的关系,设计了三种状态的喷注器,进行了混合比分布试验和热试车考核。结果表明,兼顾鲁泊数和孔径比才能使氧化剂和燃料达到最佳混合效果,提高燃烧效率。     

面关机针栓式喷注器发动机头部传热分析

对面关机针栓式喷注器发动机头部的传热情况进行了分析建模,应用数值方法分别计算了发动机在工作过程和关机后头部集液腔内推进剂温度的瞬态变化情况.计算结果表明,发动机在工作过程中头部集液腔中的推进剂温升很小,关机后推进剂有不超过200℃的温升.从计算结果来看,头部的推进剂处于安全的温度范围内.