未来城市空中交通管理研究综述

随着垂直起降（VTOL）航空器快速发展,城市空中交通（UAM）的概念逐渐引发了人们的关注。城市空中交通作为一种新型交通运输模式,将给未来城市发展带来无尽的活力。然而,现有空中交通管理系统不能满足未来城市空中交通按需运行的发展要求,必须针对城市空中交通运行特点,构建未来城市空中交通管理体系。首先,从城市空中交通发展概况与发展历程,简要概述了城市空中交通的由来、兴起与发展前景;其次,设计了城市空中交通管理的运行概念,并结合中国空管的现状特点,提出了中国未来城市空中交通管理体系架构;然后,分别从空域规划、流量控制、交通服务与基础设施建设等方面系统论述城市空中交通管理的研究现状。最后,结合未来城市空中交通发展需求,提出了城市空中交通管理所面临的问题挑战,给出了中国城市空中交通管理的发展建议,以期为城市空中交通管理深入研究与快速发展提供参考借鉴。     

基于深度信念网络的航空发动机维修等级决策

准确的航空发动机维修等级决策,能够避免过维修和欠维修,在保证航空发动机运行安全的前提下节约维修成本。结合航空发动机状态监控信息和维修等级特点,采用深度信念网络（DBN）算法,挖掘状态监测及维修等级决策之间的深层次对应关系,实现对维修等级的分类和预测。该模型通过DBN预训练和反向传播(BP)神经网络反向微调提取出样本特征,从而提高维修等级预测准确率。以某航空公司CF6航空型发动机的状态参数和维修等级数据作为实例进行验证,结果显示:该模型能够通过构建多层网络结构挖掘出样本的更深层次信息,在分类能力、决策准确性方面优于传统神经网络,有较强的特征提取能力,对维修等级分类有较高的正确率,能得出更准确的维修等级决策结果,避免因维修等级误判而带来不必要的损失。      

双馈风力发电机转子绕组故障的试验研究

在实际生产中,双馈风力发电机(DFIG)转子绕组状态监测能有效提高风电机组的运行可靠性。为研究DFIG转子绕组运行故障试验方案,首先介绍试验平台的基本原理、现场试验装置及搭建过程中主要问题的解决方法;然后以变换器网侧电流作为研究对象,分析故障特征信息流经变流器电力电子器件的传播规律,基于电流频谱提取转子绕组发生不平衡故障的诊断依据;最后基于获取的转子绕组三相不对称负载故障运行前后的转子绕组电流频谱图,可分析转子侧电气量故障特征频率。依据试验结果将转子变换器网侧电流频谱中的100 Hz、200 Hz和几个特征频率边频分量作为转子绕组不平衡故障的诊断依据;将3sf和(2±3s)f(s为转差率,f为基频)作为转子三相负载不对称故障的特征频率,具有一定的试验指导性和工程意义。     

基于干支联运的中国支线运营模式研究

中国航空公司、机场集团、地方政府等各方不断探索支线航空运营模式,但中国支线航空机遇与困境并存。从打造干支联运模式角度出发,剖析了支线航空当前所面临的问题,并借鉴美国支线航空发展历程,为中国干支联运模式打造提出可参考的建议。     

连续式跨声速风洞与压缩机的气动性能匹配

结合连续式跨声速风洞运行特点和轴流压缩机特性,详细分析了风洞在不同运行工况下与压缩机的气动性能匹配特性。结果表明:在亚声速工况下,洞体阻力变化引起压缩机工作点连续变化且远离喘振区,压缩机运行安全性较高;在超声速工况下,洞体阻力小幅度的变化不影响压缩机工作点,压缩机运行较为安全,但洞体阻力大幅增大,可导致试验段超声速流动突变至亚声速,从而引起压缩机喘振和激波对试验段模型的冲击;压缩机设计时需要预留充足的压比裕量及较为合理的流量喘振裕度。     

Influence of shock attenuation on tailored operation in free piston shock tunnels

The free piston shock tunnel is a type of shock tunnel with high performance. For this type of tunnel, the influence mechanism of shock wave attenuation on tailored operation is explored by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. By introducing the normalized velocity, the simple constraint equation for shock wave under the tailored operation is deduced. Moreover, the real gas effect is also taken into account in this equation. Based on the equation, the tailored operation of shock tunnels can be predicted with very few calculations. The present study shows that the change rate of the thermodynamic state of the gas behind the shock wave is inconsistent with the attenuation rate of the shock wave, which is the fundamental reason why the wind tunnel achieves tailored operation at a lower Mach number of shock waves. This lower Mach number of shock waves differs from the corresponding ideal value by a factor, which is about the square root of shock attenuation rate.     

An intelligent target detection method of UAV swarms based on improved KM algorithm

Complete and efficient detection of unknown targets is the most popular application of UAV swarms. Under most situations, targets have directional characteristics so that they can only be successfully detected within specific angles. In such cases, how to coordinate UAVs and allocate optimal paths for them to efficiently detect all the targets is the primary issue to be solved. In this paper, an intelligent target detection method is proposed for UAV swarms to achieve real-time detection requirements. First, a target-feature-information-based disintegration method is built up to divide the search space into a set of cubes. Theoretically, when the cubes are traversed, all the targets can be detected. Then, a Kuhn-Munkres (KM)-algorithm-based path planning method is proposed for UAVs to traverse the cubes. Finally, to further improve search efficiency, a 3D real-time probability map is established over the search space which estimates the possibility of detecting new targets at each point. This map is adopted to modify the weights in KM algorithm, thereby optimizing the UAVs’ paths during the search process. Simulation results show that with the proposed method, all targets, with detection angle limitations, can be found by UAVs. Moreover, by implementing the 3D probability map, the search efficiency is improved by 23.4%–78.1%.     

卫星太阳电池阵模拟器工作模式研究

为了使太阳电池阵模拟器更真实地模拟卫星太阳电池阵在轨工作请况,首先,设计了一种易于工程实现的太阳电池阵模拟器硬件系统结构,同时为实现最大功率点运行,设计了卫星负载变换电路来实现卫星负载与太阳电池阵模拟器的阻抗匹配。其次,总结了太阳电池阵模拟器与卫星负载组成的系统的3种特性、6种工作点,分析了3种特性下系统工作点的建立过程。最后,采用太阳电池阵模拟器和卫星负载模拟器(电子负载)分别对3种特性下的系统工作模式进行了试验分析,试验结果证明了系统设计与理论分析的正确性和有效性。该设计与分析方法已在多套太阳电池阵模拟器中得到应用,使太阳电池阵模拟器与卫星组成的系统性能得到了优化。