FATIGUE CRACK CLOSURE MEASUREMENT OF 2024-T3 SHEET SPECIMEN

ＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＣＲＡＣＫＣＬＯＳＵＲＥＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＯＦ２０２４－Ｔ３ＳＨＥＥＴＳＰＥＣＩＭＥＮＷｕＹｉｓｈｅｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｌｕｔｅｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ，Ｃｈｉｎａ，１００...     

U71Mn干线钢轨开裂原因及热处理工艺分析

针对U71Mn60Kg/m干线钢轨使用过程中轨端发生开裂损伤现象,采用硬度检测分析及金相显微技术等手段对所取试样进行了宏观和微观的组织分析。探讨了一些新的淬火技术在高速铁路用钢轨轨端表面淬火中的应用。结果表明:原钢轨轨端表面淬火工艺不当,淬硬层厚度不够,层深不均且表层硬度相差较大,使钢轨轨端机械性能尤其是疲劳强度无法满足干线铁路高速运行列车对钢轨的使用要求,造成开裂损伤。较合理的工艺应采用多喷嘴式仿形喷头加热,并控制好加热后的冷却及回火工艺。采用工频感应热处理工艺也能得到较好的显微组织和性能。     

一种非接触光外差轮廓仪

介绍了一种纳米级非接触超高精度光外差轮廓仪。该量仪是基于普通光路的外差干涉仪,两束具有微小频差的激光束照射到制件表面:其中一束光被会聚后作为测量光针扫瞄制件表面;另一束光则被用作参考光束。这两束光经反射后形成干涉,所得信号的光程差与制件表面高度变化成正比。量仪的横向分辩力小于2μm,垂直分辩力小于1nm。制件不需要进行大的调整。制件表面同时亦被作为测量参考面。经光电转换后,信号由微机处理,从而快速完成测量、计算、显示与打印各种参数与图形。     

Multi-channel discharge characteristics cutting by ultra-fine wire-EDM

Compared with a copper wire electrode, molybdenum wire with a poor conductor is usually used as the electrode in high speed wire-cut electrical discharge machining(HSWEDM), so the resistance of an ultra-fine wire cannot be ignored. To study the differences of discharge characteristics between the ultra-fine wire and the conventional diameter wire, the continuous discharge waveform of two kinds of wire electrodes was compared. It was found that there was a multichannel discharge phenomenon in the...     

无源无线声表面波压力传感器校准技术研究

声表面波压力传感器是一种新型传感器,它的一大优势是具有无源无线信号传递特性,可以突破传统传感器线缆连接的限制,近年来受到国内外研究机构普遍重视。本文探讨了SAW压力传感器的校准技术,对某种商业传感器进行校准,使用最小二乘法分析校准结果,并进行不确定度评估。校准结果显示该传感器在误差、线性、重复性等方面可满足一定精度要求,通过进一步发展,有望在航天领域得到实际应用。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on surface quality for two-point incremental sheet forming with interpolator

The unsatisfied surface quality seriously impedes the wide application of incremental sheet forming (ISF) in industrial field. As a novel approach, the interpolator method is a promising strategy to enhance the surface quality in ISF. However, the mechanism for the improvement of surface quality and the influence of interpolator properties on surface roughness are not well understood. In this paper, the influences of process variables (i.e. tool diameter, step size and thickness of interpolators) on the forming process (e.g. surface roughness, forming force and geometric error) are investigated through a systematic experimental approach of central composite design (CCD) in two-point incremental sheet forming (TPIF). It is obtained that the increase in thickness of interpolators decreases the surface roughness in direction vertical to the tool path while increases the surface roughness in direction horizontal to the tool path. Nevertheless, the combined influence between thickness of interpolators and process parameters (tool diameter and step size) is limited. Meanwhile, the placement of interpolator has little influence on the effective forming force of blank. In addition, the geometric error enlarges with the increase of step size and thickness of interpolator while decreases firstly and then increase with an increase in tool diameter. Finally, the influencing mechanism of the interpolator method on surface quality can be attributed to the decrease of the contact pressure due to the increase of contact area with the unchanged contact force. Meanwhile, the interpolator method eliminates the sliding friction on the surface of blank due to the stable relative position between the blank and the interpolator.     

比例与非比例加载下30CrMnSiA钢多轴高周疲劳失效分析

为了分析比例与非比例加载下,30CrMnSiA钢的多轴高周疲劳的失效规律。通过对30CrMnSiA钢材料开展比例与非比例(δ=90°)加载下的多轴高周疲劳试验,研究了应力幅比和相位差对疲劳寿命、断口特征及裂纹起裂角度的影响。试验结果表明,对于比例与非比例加载,随着应力幅比的增大,多轴疲劳寿命逐渐增加。对疲劳断口分析发现,裂纹萌生于试件表面,断口有明显的疲劳源区、扩展区和瞬断区,不同加载路径下的试件断口形式有明显差异。通过对起裂角度的分析发现,应力幅比大于0.25时表面裂纹有明显的第Ⅰ阶段向第Ⅱ阶段的转变,且第Ⅰ阶段沿着接近最大剪应力幅值平面方向扩展,第Ⅱ阶段沿着接近最大正应力平面方向扩展。此外,对典型试件的疲劳断口及表面扩展路径进行了分析,研究表明多轴疲劳试验试件裂纹的特征比值在0.3~0.5之间,且裂纹沿深度方向扩展至300 μm时占总寿命的85%以上。      

A novel framework for liquid propellant engine’s cooling system design by sensitivity analysis based on RSM and multi-objective optimization using PSO

One of the challenges of combustion chamber and nozzle design in a Liquid Propellant Engine (LPE) is to predict the behavior and performance of the cooling system. Therefore, while designing, the optimization of the cooling system is always of great importance. This paper presents the multi-objective optimization of the LPE’s cooling system. To this end, a novel framework has been developed, resulting from the application of the Response Surface Method (RSM) and the correlation coefficients matrix, sensitivity analysis and the The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). based on this method, the input variables, constraints, objective functions, and their surfaces were identified. In terms of multi-optimization algorithms, RSM and PSO are utilized to get global optimum. In conclusion, the methodology capability is to optimize the LPE’s cooling system, 6 percentage increase in total heat transfer and 7 bar decrease cooling system pressure loss, which resulted in a 1.2-seconds increase in the specific impulse of the engine.     

航天器表面电荷激发空间静电场规律研究

从带电表面微元出发，通过求解泊松方程，得到带电介质平板表面邻近空间静电势的解析表达式，建立介质表面电位-介电常数模型，求得了带电介质平板表面电位、表面带电量和介质介电常数三者之间的关系式。结合典型的航天器表面介质材料带电案例，对此类圆盘结构介质平板带电问题进行了仿真分析，结果表明，在介质材料表面电位一定的情况下，表面电荷激发的空间静电势值随距离的增大而减小，并且距离介质表面越近，电势的空间变化率越大；在介质材料带电量相等的情况下，介质表面电位随着介质介电常数的增大而减小，并逐渐趋于一个稳定值，所以在一定范围内选择介电常数较大的介质材料可以降低介质的表面电位，减小介质间发生静电放电的几率。     

基于Tanaka-Mura模型的电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹萌生模拟

为揭示高温合金电子束焊接头的疲劳特性,对其开展了疲劳裂纹萌生数值模拟研究。考虑焊缝区微观组织特性,对Voronoi图法进行改进,建立了焊缝区包含柱状晶、细等轴晶及粗等轴晶的混合晶区微观组织模型;对ABAQUS进行二次开发,考虑晶粒随机取向,生成晶粒多滑移带模型。基于Tanaka-Mura位错滑移模型,编写了疲劳裂纹萌生算法,考虑晶界处裂纹的连接与合并,对算法进行了改进,并结合有限元计算建立了电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹萌生数值模拟方法。基于上述方法对GH4169电子束焊接头不同载荷大小的疲劳裂纹萌生进行数值模拟,分析了裂纹萌生过程及萌生寿命,并与试验结果进行对比验证;还探讨了不同热影响区晶粒尺寸对焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生的影响规律。结果表明,电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹均萌生于热影响区,但随着载荷水平的提高,萌生位置向熔合区一侧靠近;当热影响区晶粒尺寸与母材区晶粒尺寸越接近时,接头疲劳寿命越长。