雷诺数对涡扇发动机性能及稳定性影响

综合了Wassell方法和经验数学模型两种雷诺数修正方法,对风扇、压气机、高低压涡轮的部件特性进行了雷诺数修正。运用修正后的部件特性分别对3种涡扇发动机进行了性能计算,定量计算出了雷诺数对涡扇发动机性能的影响程度。计算结果表明:在低空区雷诺数对涡扇发动机性能和稳定性影响可以忽略不计;但在高空低速区,雷诺数对涡扇发动机性能和稳定性影响显著;涡轮前总温剧烈升高;推力增大3%～6%、耗油率增大8%～10%;稳定裕度下降19%～39%。因此在高空低速区航空发动机性能数值模拟必须考虑部件特性雷诺数的影响。      

运动干涉检测的模糊逻辑控制

在采用最大相对速度－距离法的基础上,引入模糊逻辑控制时间裕度,使任意两次检测间的时间间隔适当增大。该方法不仅减少了检测次数,更主要的是利用模糊逻辑的鲁棒性,减少了误差对检测结果的影响,从而使它无论在效率还是在可靠性方面都有了提高。以运动平面多边形为例,通过不采用、采用、部分采用模糊逻辑控制３种方法加以比较,表明了该方法的可靠性和有效性。     

前后可调变弯度导叶在高负荷风扇中的应用

针对某高负荷双级风扇非设计转速裕度不足的问题，通过NUMECA三维(CFD)数值模拟软件，对比分析了可变弯度导叶(VIGV)前后可偏转调节对导叶气动性能的影响，以及导叶大角度范围内变弯度调节对提高风扇中低转速性能的作用。结果表明:可变弯度导叶偏转调节后的叶型实际弯角是影响导叶气动损失的重要因素之一；通过导叶前段适当变角度调节能减小导叶的实际弯角，推迟了导叶吸力面气流分离的出现，拓宽了变弯度导叶低损失可调角度范围；同时导叶适当的前后偏转调节能够降低导叶对缝隙位置的敏感性；此外前后可调变弯度导叶能够使高负荷风扇非设计工况实现更高的绝热效率，在90%转速、80%转速、70%转速和60%转速下的风扇绝热效率分别提高了2.04%、5.48%、6.18%和6.82%；且由于风扇喘振边界进一步远离风扇阀门线，使得风扇中低转速的稳定工作范围显著拓展。      

直升机贴地飞行时的驾驶员诱发振荡研究

主要阐述直或机贴地飞行时的驾驶员诱发振荡问题，导出了贴地突防和迅速停止动作、地形跟踪时的“海豚”运动和贴地飞行时滑雪运动条件下诱发振荡时操纵位移和稳定裕度的计算公式，计算了Ｚ－８直长机的纵向试验结果，并进行了误差分析。计算结果表明，所研究的方法是可行的，可推广应用于各种直升机的闭环分析和计算。     

跨声轴流压气机等离子体控制实验

为了能有效地拓宽压气机的失稳裕度,在一台跨声轴流压气机上进行了基于介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体激励扩稳的实验研究.实验中分别选取了正弦交流电源和纳秒脉冲电源提供激励,并在跨声压气机40%设计转速和65%设计转速下对其扩稳效果和效率进行了对比分析.结果表明:在40%设计转速时,正弦交流电源和纳秒脉冲电源均能有效拓宽压气机流量范围,其中正弦交流电源激励方式能够使压气机综合失速裕度改善（SMI）达到15.33%.在65%设计转速时,两种激励方式的扩稳效果明显减弱,此时纳秒脉冲电源激励方式的扩稳效果更好.在压气机效率方面,纳秒脉冲电源对压气机设计点的效率影响更小,在40%设计转速时甚至能略微提升其设计点效率.实验结果表明,合理地选择激励方式有助于提高等离子体激励的扩稳效果,为实际压气机中基于介质阻挡放电等离子体激励扩稳措施的设计提供参考.      

压差控制器的稳定性分析和设计参数的研究

压差控制器是航空发动机燃油计量的重要部件,用于保持计量活门前后的压差恒定.为探究其控制压差能力的因素,研究了某型发动机加力系统中压差控制器的性能,分析并推导出其影响控压差能力的主要因素,并在AMESim仿真环境下对所得结果进行建模仿真,验证了所得结论的正确性.在此基础上对其进行合理的改型,为保证改型不影响系统稳定性,用小偏差原理对改型前后的压差控制器辨识,得到传递函数,确保改型并未损失其动态性能.最终得到改进压差控制器控压差能力的理论依据.     

Contribution of ionospheric TEC anomalies to detecting the seismic precursors related to the 2008 Oran-Algeria event

The ionospheric anomalies observed before any notable earthquake have become the subject of predictive research in the field of seismo-ionospheric coupling and/or Solid Earth-Atmosphere. In this paper, the concept of ionospheric modeling has been applied using total electronic content (TEC); derived from dual-frequency GPS recordings from about sixty permanent geodetic stations. The study and the analysis of the anomalous TEC variations, quantifiable on a regional scale, allowed us to detect the principal precursors of the M_w 5.5 earthquake that hit Oran on June 06th, 2008. The envisaged analytical approach is based principally on the time delays estimation relating to the seismic responses from the triggering (lithospheric seismic source) until their recording in data Rinex (GPS_IGS stations) through the reflection system of the electromagnetic waves on the ionospheric level (F2-layer).Indeed, in term of location, the longitude-latitude coordinates of the Oran event epicenter (0.658°W, 35.883°N) affecting the coastal margin of Western Algeria without too much material damage. Although the magnitude of this earthquake is qualified moderate (M_w 5.5, seismic intensity scale V-VI), one can observe apparent disturbances in the terrestrial electromagnetic spectrum associated with ionospheric TEC variations. In the domain of geodetic data analysis, we have noted a significant increase in the ionospheric TEC, which announces the arrival of a seismic precursor several days before the main studied event. Against this background, we emphasize that any seismic event, of significant magnitude, often carries information associated with other variants involved in the package of earthquake studied. Among these variants we evoke the effect of the magnetic field and the effect of the surrounding environment, etc. As for the specific behavior of the GPS_TEC signal, obtained from the Rinex data, and its interaction with the associated seismic activity, we highlight the existence of a spectral conformity between the geomagnetic field and that of the TEC content (spontaneous polarization of the TEC).Finally, we have just confirmed the effectiveness of this forecasting approach which relates the seismo-ionospheric precursors that are embedded in the physical trace of the electromagnetic signal relative to significant and/or moderate earthquakes (M ≥ 5); such as the envisaged case of the 2008 Oran event.     

基于功率裕度的某型发动机全寿命性能研究

随着使用时间不断增加,研究飞行队所有选装ARRIEL2S系列发动机全寿命性能变化趋势的必要性突显.针对SRRIEL2S系列发动机全寿命性能参数变化特点,提出使用基于可几误差舍弃理论处理发动机功率校验数据,分区间描绘该系发动机全寿命性能指标变化趋势,给出该系发动机全寿命性能特点,为机务工程人员监控该系发动机提供有利依据；提出延长功率校验间隔的假设,并在理论上做了充分论证,为节约该系发动机运行成本提供一个明确及可行的方向.     

Mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser

To expand the stable operating range of compressors, understanding the mechanism of flow instability at low flow rates is necessary. In this paper, the mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser is experimentally investigated, where the diffuser blade setting angle can be adjusted. Many dynamic pressure transducers are mounted on the casing surface of the compressor. From the design condition to surge, dynamic pressure data is recorded throughout the gradual process. According to the signal developing status, the typical modes of compressor instability are defined in detail, such as stall, mild surge, and deep surge. A relatively high-frequency stall wave originates in the impeller and propagates to the diffuser, and finally stimulates a deep surge in the compressor. The compressor behavior during surge differs at different diffuser vane angles. When the diffuser vane angle is adjusted, both the unstable form and the core factor affecting the overall machine stability change. A specific indicator is proposed to measure the instability of each component in a compressor, which can be used to determine the best region for stability extension technologies, such as a holed casing treatment, in different compressor applications.     

航空发动机先进控制概念和高稳定性发动机控制系统研制

简要介绍了近年来航空发动机控制概念和设计思想的发展趋势，着重分析说明了高稳定性发动机控制技术，高稳定性发动机控制技术的特点是将控制的重点放在单个部件上，通过减小部件稳定裕度要求或扩大部件稳定性工作范围来提高部件的性能并实现系统收益。习行试验结果表明，这种控制方法可以较精确地估算和适应发动机进气道畸变并进行实时控制，降低了对设计失速裕度的要求，提高了发动机性能和稳定性。