Geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds,magnetic cloud-like structures and interplanetary shocks for the period 1995–2003

Using nine years (1995–2003) of solar wind plasma and magnetic field data, solar sunspot number, and geomagnetic activity data, we investigated the geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds (MCs), magnetic cloud-like structures (MCLs), and interplanetary shock waves. Eighty-two MCs and one hundred and twenty-two MCLs were identified by using solar wind and magnetic field data from the WIND mission, and two hundred and sixty-one interplanetary shocks were identified over the period of 1995–2003 in the vicinity of Earth. It is found that MCs are typically more geoeffective than MCLs or interplanetary shocks. The occurrence frequency of MCs is not well correlated with sunspot number. By contrast, both occurrence frequency of MCLs and sudden storm commencements (SSCs) are well correlated with sunspot number.     

气喷嘴和声腔对燃烧室声学特性的影响

为了掌握气喷嘴和声腔对燃烧室声学特性的影响规律以及解释声学实验中出现的切向频率分化现象的内在机理,采用声学有限元方法(FEM)并在单喷嘴声学模拟实验验证的基础上,从固有频率和声压分布角度分析了气喷嘴长度、声腔长度和节流嘴直径对燃烧室声学特性的影响规律,利用声压分布成功地解释了实验中出现的频率分化现象。结果表明:当燃烧室某阶切向振型频率与喷嘴1阶纵向振型频率相等时,喷嘴由于共振将切向振型声压幅值极值点附近的能量转移到喷嘴中,改变了燃烧室原切向振型的声压分布,因此在声学实验中产生切向频率分化现象；气喷嘴长度与节流嘴直径之间存在着耦合关系,在液氧煤油补燃发动机喷嘴设计阶段可进行组合参数匹配优化。      

某型蒸发式稳定器气动及燃烧特性研究

为解决亚燃冲压发动机在高速低温来流条件下的可靠点火、火焰稳定和高效燃烧问题,对某型蒸发式火焰稳定器分别进行了冷态流场和燃烧流场的数值研究,并与常规V型火焰稳定器进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:在给定范围内,蒸发式稳定器随来流速度的增大,总压恢复系数和停留时间明显减小,回流区长度、回流率和燃烧效率变化不大;与相同槽宽的常规V型火焰稳定器相比,回流率明显减小,总压恢复系数、回流区长度和停留时间略有减小。蒸发式稳定器后部形成明显的回流区,且基本上不受外部主流流动的干扰,通过单独控制稳定器局部供油,可以使稳定器在最佳油气比下工作,有利于在高速来流条件下可靠工作。     

冲压发动机燃烧引起激波运动过程一维分析

分析了冲压发动机喷油燃烧引起内流道内正激波运动的机理,采用一维激波捕捉方法,建立了燃油喷入对正激波运动位置影响的一维仿真模型。通过仿真发现:喷入燃油并逐步增大燃油-空气当量比时,正激波逐步向上游运动;燃油-空气当量比越大,正激波越接近进气道喉道;当燃油-空气当量比增大到一定程度时,正激波距离进气道喉道最近,但并未越过喉道;进一步增大燃油-空气当量比,正激波开始向下游回退进一步分析发现:冲压发动机流道及燃烧组织匹配设计直接影响到正激波在流道内的运动位置,需要在设计中格外重视。燃油-空气当量比与激波位置的关系分析可为冲压发动机设计提供一定的理论参考。     

GH_2/GO_2涡流冷却透明燃烧室方案设计及试验研究

涡流冷却是一种新型的推力室冷却技术,采用该技术可以简化推力室结构、降低成本,并提高系统可靠性。本文在综合国外研究成果的基础上,对涡流冷却技术进行了理论分析,设计出推力室结构,采用石英玻璃加工燃烧室圆柱段部分,并用高速摄影仪记录了燃烧室内的火焰图像。研究表明,涡流冷却透明燃烧室方案是可行的,燃烧稳定段燃烧区域占燃烧室的55%～60%。     

低温氢气排放过程数值模拟

以低温氢气安全排放为目的,采用数值模拟方法对低温氢气直接排放和燃烧排放的流场进行分析.流场仿真计算采用了标准双方程k-ε湍流模型和氢氧单步燃烧模型.研究参数包括氢排放压力、流量、温度和环境风速,评价指标为氢扩散范围和燃烧范围.计算结果表明：燃烧排放燃烧范围小于直接排放氢扩散范围;排放压力增加、流量增大和温度降低均会使氢扩散范围和燃烧范围变大.     

超临界环境下煤油和UDMH单滴燃烧现象

采用重活塞实验系统,对煤油和UDMH在超临界环境下的蒸发和燃烧现象进行了初步研究,结果表明:无论液态或者凝胶燃料,在超临界环境下均存在蒸发现象。在空气超临界环境下,煤油和UDMH均产生自燃现象。自燃呈现多点着火现象,类似于"森林火灾"模式,且持续时间较长。燃烧大致可分为蒸发、点火、燃烧前期和燃烧后期4个阶段。     

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth based on the low cycle strain damage accumulation near the crack tip along the cracking direction and the Newman–Raju formula is developed. The crack is regarded as a sharp notch with a small curvature radius and the process zone is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. The modified Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren(HRR) formulations are used in the presented study. Assuming that the shape of surface crack front is controlled by two critical points: the deepest point and the surface point.The theoretical model is applied to semi-elliptic surface cracked Al 7075-T6 alloy plate under cyclic loading, and five different initial crack shapes are discussed in present study. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained.     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

激波聚焦诱导气液两相爆震燃烧的数值模拟

对以激波聚焦和增加障碍物方式诱导煤油-空气气液两相爆震燃烧的过程进行了数值模拟.采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法建立了脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)中气液两相流的喷射、雾化、掺混过程.研究发现环形爆震波在爆震管凹腔内经过反射、汇聚后能够引燃可燃混合物.而在障碍物处,激波的反射和再反射聚焦能够形成高温高压点(2700K,25MPa),产生局部爆炸,有助于形成稳定的脉冲爆震燃烧(波面速度为1900m/s,温度为2 950K),有效地缩短由缓燃向爆震转变(DDT)距离至0.45m.