涡轮叶片前缘气膜冷却数值模拟

对具有双排气膜孔的涡轮叶片前缘进行了气膜冷却数值模拟,在吹风比M为0.5,1.0的情况下得到了相邻两排孔的流场和气膜冷却效率的分布规律,并将计算结果与实验进行了对比分析.结果表明:①在不同的吹风比下,两排孔的冷气射流运动非常复杂,冷却效率沿流向的分布都是非线性的;在M为1.0时,25°的小角度喷射气膜冷却效果较好.②利用两层k-ε湍流模型比传统的k-ε湍流模型数值预测的精确度高,可较好地模拟叶片前缘的气膜冷却特性.      

基于奇异值差的转静件碰摩故障诊断方法研究

针对目前奇异值分解方法在航空发动机碰摩故障诊断处理中的不足,在基于矩阵分析推导奇异值残差重构信号能量成分的基础上,提出了利用奇异值残差重构突变信息的方法并建立了诊断流程.利用仿真信号对提出的方法进行了验证,得出了该方法与理论分析相符合.最后将其应用于某型航空发动机实测数据的处理,成功地判断出该发动机碰摩的时刻和碰摩故障的延展,结果表明该方法对航空发动机碰摩故障的诊断具有良好的效果.      

航空发动机神经网络反步控制方法

针对航空发动机非线性和不确定性的特点,提出了一种基于神经网络的反步控制方法.采用径向基神经网络估计未知系统方程,并用一种平滑切换法有效避免了控制器奇异问题.反步法的设计基于Lya-punov稳定性原理,保证了闭环系统一致渐近有界.最后针对某型涡扇发动机非线性模型设计了高压转速控制器,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.      

分布式电推进飞机设计技术综述

分布式电推进系统利用电力驱动多个推进器作为飞机的动力装置,在提升飞机气动效率、载运能力、环保性和鲁棒性等方面蕴藏着可供人们挖掘和利用的巨大潜能,被广泛认为是一种航空领域的颠覆性技术。本文在对电动飞机的优势和不足,电推进系统的尺度独立性以及分布式电推进飞机分类进行初步研究之后,重点从飞机工程设计的专业划分角度出发,分别从飞机总体设计、气动设计、结构设计、系统及支持设施设计等学科对分布式电推进飞机设计技术的研究情况和学术进展进行综述。随着电池能量密度、电机及控制器功率密度的不断提升以及相关机载电气设备的小型化和轻量化,分布式电推进通用飞机基本具备按需航空市场化能力,尽管仍存在一些挑战,但该技术为未来飞机设计提供了更多的权衡空间与可能性。     

一种电动飞机电推进系统的能效优化方法

电动飞机依靠电推进系统为飞机提供所需的动力,而电动飞机蓄电池的能量密度制约了飞机续航能力的提升。在蓄电池能量密度受限的条件下,进行电推进系统能效优化,提高电推进系统效率,降低电推进系统损耗,对增加飞机的续航时间具有重要意义。以某双座可调定桨距螺旋桨电动飞机电推进系统为例,依据飞机的飞行任务剖面搭建了飞机电推进系统在起飞及巡航阶段的系统损耗模型,以可调定桨距螺旋桨桨矩角为优化变量,以飞机完成一次飞行任务剖面能耗最小为目标,提出一种适于可调定桨距螺旋桨电动飞机电推进系统的能效优化方法。为了验证该方法的有效性,搭建样机测试平台,进行了样机试验,试验结果表明：该能效优化方法能够有效提高飞机电推进系统效率,使飞机完成一次飞行任务剖面的系统能耗降低了8%以上。     

Research Advances of Solar Corona and Interplanetary Physics in China: 2012–2014

Solar transients and their related interplanetary counterparts have severe effects on the space environments of the Earth. Therefore, the research of solar corona and interplanetary physics has become the focus of study for both solar and space scientists. Considerable progress has been achieved in these aspects by the solar and space physics community of China during 2012–2014, which will be given in this report. The brief report summarizes the research advances of solar corona and interplanetary physics into the following parts: solar wind origin and turbulence, coronal waves and seismology, solar eruptions, solar energetic particle and galactic cosmic ray, magnetic reconnection,Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) models and their applications, waves and structures in solar wind,propagation of ICMEs/shocks and their arrival time predictions. These research achievements have been achieved by Chinese solar and space scientists independently or via international collaborations.     

一种航天器用先导级电磁阀的新型结构设计

提出了一种新型两位三通结构的先导级电磁阀设计方案,由2组永磁体和3组控制线圈构造3条永磁锁位磁路和2条电磁偏置磁路,不仅实现了阀门的小型化结构和无功耗位置保持,而且提高了阀门的密封可靠性.这种阀门可以作为大推力发动机推进剂主阀的先导级控制阀,能够满足在轨长期应用的需求.通过电磁场有限元分析和产品样机试验的方法,对设计方案的可行性进行验证,验证结果表明新型先导级电磁阀的各项性能指标均达到设计目标.     

动力系统试验工艺参数监视系统设计

在火箭动力系统试验中,需要实时监测、显示和传输地面工艺系统和箭上状态参数.主要阐述了采用上下位机控制模式设计的工艺参数监视系统,介绍了系统硬件和软件设计.上位机硬件包括工控机和采集板卡,以LabVIEW语言开发软件设计,构建工艺状态总图;下位机采用PXI控制系统,加载采集板卡信息,通过光纤以太网与上位机进行通信.该系统监测参数达到300路,数据每100 ms更新一次,在多次型号动力试验中得到验证,能够准确地实现试验状态参数远距离采集、传输和显示,提高了试验安全性.     

Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) on-board Chandrayaan-2 orbiter

The remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate the elemental abundances in the atmosphere-less planetary bodies. The experiment involves measuring spectra of fluorescent X-rays from lunar surface using a low energy X-ray detector onboard an orbiting satellite. Since the flux of fluorescent X-ray lines critically depend on the flux and spectrum of the incident solar X-rays, it is essential to have simultaneous and accurate measurement of X-ray from both Moon and Sun. In the context of Moon, this technique has been employed since early days of space exploration to determine elemental composition of lunar surface. However, so far it has not been possible to exploit it to its full potential due to various reasons. Therefore it is planned to continue the remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy experiment on-board Chandrayaan-2 which includes both lunar X-ray observations and solar X-ray observations as two separate payloads. The lunar X-ray observations will be carried out by Chandra Large Area Soft x-ray Spectrometer (CLASS) experiment; whereas the solar X-ray observations will be carried out by a separate payload, Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM). Here we present the overall design of the XSM instrument, the present development status as well as preliminary results of the laboratory model testing. XSM instrument will have two packages namely – XSM sensor package and XSM electronics package. XSM will accurately measure spectrum of Solar X-rays in the energy range of 1–15 keV with energy resolution ∼200 eV @ 5.9 keV. This will be achieved by using state-of-the-art Silicon Drift Detector (SDD), which has a unique capability of maintaining high energy resolution at very high incident count rate expected from Solar X-rays. XSM onboard Chandrayaan-2 will be the first experiment to use such detector for Solar X-ray monitoring.