喷管扩张段烧蚀的“台阶效应”计算

当喉衬和扩张段内衬采用具有不同烧蚀率的材料时,常出现“台阶效应”.本文以气动热化学烧蚀机理为基楚,提出应用适当的对流换热和加剧的化学反应计算对台阶效应区进行修正的方法,使台阶效应区的烧蚀率预示更切合实际工况.     

扰流环对粉末发动机燃烧流动影响的数值模拟

为了提高粉末火箭发动机的燃烧效率,通过数值模拟方法研究了扰流环的有无、通径及位置对燃烧室燃烧流动特性的影响。结果表明:扰流环会增强Al颗粒和气相的掺混和换热程度,促进Al颗粒蒸发和燃烧,从而提高粉末火箭发动机的燃烧效率。当扰流环通径比在0.538~0.846范围内时,扰流环的通径越小,燃烧效率越高;当扰流环头部距离比在0.3~0.8范围内时,扰流环位置离头部越近,燃烧效率越高。设计扰流环时,应在距离燃烧室头部30%~40%的位置布置小通径的扰流环。      

多机并联火箭羽流流场及其底部热环境分析

For the problem that the plume flow field structure of a multi engine parallel rocket is complicated and the bottom thermal environment is extremely harsh, which may cause the failure of the engine structural components, the plume flow field and thermal environment at different altitudes are studied through numerical simulation. The result is compared with the measured results in flight which shows that when the rocket is flying at a low altitude, the plume of the engines do not interfere with each other. As the flight altitude increases, the plumes gradually expand and begin to interfere with each other, and finally there is an obvious backflow at the bottom of the rocket. The maximum heat flux at the moment of take off is basically the same as the measured value in flight. Before the backflow occurs, the heat flux mainly consists of radiant heat, the convective heat flow increases as the flight altitude grows, but it is also much smaller than the peak heat flow at takeoff. The result has certain guiding significance for the optimal design of engine structure thermal protection.     

Thermal-structural analysis of regenerativelycooled thrust chamber wall in reusable LOX/Methane rocket engines

To predict the thermal and structural responses of the thrust chamber wall under cyclic work,a 3-D fluid-structural coupling computational methodology is developed.The thermal and mechanical loads are determined by a validated 3-D finite volume fluid-thermal coupling computational method.With the specified loads,the nonlinear thermal-structural finite element analysis is applied to obtaining the 3-D thermal and structural responses.The Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening model calibrated by experimental data is adopted to predict the cyclic plastic behavior of the inner wall.The methodology is further applied to the thrust chamber of LOX/Methane rocket engines.The results show that both the maximum temperature at hot run phase and the maximum circumferential residual strain of the inner wall appear at the convergent part of the chamber.Struc tural analysis for multiple work cycles reveals that the failure of the inner wall may be controlled by the low-cycle fatigue when the Chaboche model parameter γ3 =0,and the damage caused by the thermal-mechanical ratcheting of the inner wall cannot be ignored when γ3 ＞ 0.The results of sen sitivity analysis indicate that mechanical loads have a strong influence on the strains in the inner wall.     

变频电动机耦合电容分析与计算研究

脉宽调制(PWM)变频驱动器在提高交流传动系统效率的同时,产生的高次谐波导致共模电流显著增加。其中电动机定子绕组与定子铁心之间的耦合电容是共模电流的主要通路。准确计算定子绕组与定子铁心之间的耦合电容对于预测共模电流具有重要意义。由于电机绕组内部导线排列不规则,准确进行解析计算较为困难,将其简化为集中导体后,会导致计算精度变差。在绕组全散线模型的基础上,提出了一种简化散线建模方法,能在计算精度不变的情况下,有效地减小模型的复杂度。通过对比解析计算、全散线模型、简化散线模型和测量值,验证了该方法的有效性。     

纯电动城市客车EMB执行机构驱动电机制动性能分析

传统气压制动系统存在压缩机、制动油箱和空气管路,占据较大空间,而采用电子机械制动(EMB)系统代替,不但可以减小空间,还能实现对夹紧力的快速响应和精确控制。以纯电动城市客车为目标车型,讨论了EMB执行机构方案,根据传统气压盘式制动器最大夹紧力推导出电机的堵转转矩和空载转速。据此设计了永磁无刷直流驱动电机,堵转转矩为10 N·m,空载转速为370 r/min。在Maxwell 2D中搭建驱动电机有限元模型,分析电机在消除间隙阶段和夹紧力增加阶段的制动性能。结果表明所设计的驱动电机制动性能可满足要求。     

基于小波神经网络PID的永磁同步电机转速控制

提出了基于小波神经网络PID的永磁同步电机(PMSM)转速控制策略。根据系统运行参数的变化,采用三层前馈式人工神经网络,基于梯度下降纠正误差法在线训练实时更新PID参数值。采用小波神经网络和增量式PID共同构成转速环控制器。建立PMSM数学模型,设计PMSM速度环控制器,构建S函数,对控制算法进行仿真试验,验证了该控制算法的先进性。试验结果表明,所提控制策略比传统PID转速控制具有更好的动态性能和抗干扰能力。     

直流电机网络控制系统仿真

对直流电机网络闭环控制系统进行仿真分析,根据电机网络闭环控制系统原理建立仿真模型。对具有数据丢包的直流电机网络伺服控制系统输出响应特性进行仿真,比较系统分别采用PI控制及增益,可调PI控制方式时的输出特性。结果表明,相比常规PI控制增益可调PI控制方法在网络环境下具有更好的控制特性。该研究为网络伺服控制技术提供可靠的参考依据。     

基于模型辨识的数控机床专用伺服电机位置控制

数控机床精密加工要求伺服电机具有精度高和响应快等特性,而传统的伺服控制器位置环采用的是简单的误差比例(P)控制,这种控制方法的响应性不能满足加工要求。提出一种基于模型辨识的伺服电机角位移控制方法。首先,采用最小二乘法辨识出传统闭环控制系统的模型；然后,分析模型的零、极点,根据模型特性设计补偿控制器；最后,通过试验结果说明所提方法能快速、准确地跟随系统输入。     

高速异步电主轴电机的电磁噪声分析

采用有限元法分析了高速异步电主轴电机定子结构的动力学特性(振型、固有频率),分别采用解析法和有限元法分析了电机在额定转速60 000 r/min下空载和负载的电磁力波,利用傅里叶变换对径向气隙磁密和径向电磁力波进行了谐波分析,得到了不同阶次不同频率下的谐波幅值。还将得到的电磁力波加载到电机定子相应节点处,对高速异步电主轴电机进行了电磁振动和声场分析,并计算出电机在空载和负载情况下产生的电磁噪声。