同轴源原子氧地面模拟设备性能优化

文章简要介绍了同轴源原子氧装置的基本结构和工作原理;分析和计算了同轴内导体的受热状况,对内导体的结构进行了优化,使其寿命提高了近10倍,并减少了因天线氧化对真空室的污染;设计了新的试样架,试样架可同时装入4个不同试样;配置了两套紫外光源系统和一套试样光学性能原位测量系统,使装置具备了原子氧与紫外的协同效应,紫外光的波长为185～400nm,辐照度可达2～4个太阳常数;增加了光学性能测量室,试样光学性能可以原位测量。试验结果表明：优化后的原子氧装置能够模拟空间原子氧对材料的剥蚀效应。     

重力梯度稳定小卫星的最优主动磁控和动量轮控制

为了提高小卫星定点精度,姿态控制系统采用俯仰轴动量轮控制和三轴磁力矩控制。用四元数方法建立起卫星动力学方程和运动学方程。以响应时间和响应时间内欧拉角误差和角速率误差的平方和这两个单目标作为目标函数,以三轴的位置增益、速率增益和卸载增益为设计变量,以三轴欧极子矩不超过要求值,俯仰轴的轮动量矩不超过要求值,以及末尾响应时间内应保证欧拉角和角速率逼近控制值为约束条件,建立起卫星最优控制模型。最后,作为例子应用到小卫星姿态控制中,结果证实最优控制算法是可行有效的。与传统PD控制相比,优化后的姿态控制性能也大大提高。     

全柔性微型机构的拓扑优化设计技术研究

提出一种全柔性机构拓扑优化设计的新方法。用折衷规划法建立了柔性机构的多目标优化设计模型,在优化目标中引入运动学函数和结构函数分别表示柔性机构设计对机构柔性和结构刚度的要求,并采用伴随敏度分析法进行优化设计的敏度分析。将传统凸规划方法中的移动渐近线方法(MMA)推广到连续体的结构拓扑优化设计中,并形成一种新的具有全局收敛特点的移动渐近线方法(GCMMA)。对柔性机构拓扑优化设计中出现的数值计算困难问题进行了分析和研究,并提出一种改进的SIMP密度-刚度插值模型,该模型能有效消除机构中出现的棋盘格式和网格依赖性,并能明显减弱单点铰链连接问题。通过典型算例证明了本文方法的有效性,并对算例结果进行了快速原型制造。     

基于Kriging模型的翼型气动性能优化设计

将基于Kriging模型的近似技术引入气动优化设计。通过计算两个测试函数的全局极值以及翼型几何形状的重构,比较了基于Kriging模型的优化方法与传统的梯度类优化方法、标准遗传算法的特点。结果表明基于近似模型的优化方法不仅全局性良好,而且有效节约了计算资源。用此方法进行了翼型的气动优化设计,目标函数为来流马赫数为0.7、攻角为3°时升阻比最大。设计结果表明,与参考翼型相比,优化翼型升阻比提高了81%,而翼型截面积减少不到1%,优化效果非常明显。     

应用基于FEM的预成形最优化方法提高锻件变形均匀性

锻件变形分布不均匀将导致锻件各部位的组织和性能产生很大差异。应用基于正向有限元数值模拟和最优化方法进行坯料预成形设计的新方法,可显著提高锻件各部位的变形均匀性。首先介绍了以提高锻件变形分布均匀性为目的的坯料预成形最优化方法的基本原理,并针对典型的IN718合金涡轮盘锻件进行了坯料预成形设计。给出了预成形坯料与普通圆柱坯料的对比结果,并进行了相应的试验验证。结果表明,应用这种方法对IN718合金涡轮盘锻件进行坯料预成形设计,可使盘锻件各部位变形均匀性明显改善。     

Advanced optimization of gas turbine aero-engine transient performance using linkage-learning genetic algorithm: Part I,building blocks detection and optimization in runway

This paper proposes a Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithm (LLGA) based on the messy Genetic Algorithm (mGA) to optimize the Min-Max fuel controller performance in Gas Turbine Engine (GTE). For this purpose, a GTE fuel controller Simulink model based on the Min-Max selection strategy is firstly built. Then, the objective function that considers both performance indices (response time and fuel consumption) and penalty items (fluctuation, tracking error, overspeed and acceleration/deceleration) is established to quantify the controller performance. Next, the task to optimize the fuel controller is converted to find the optimization gains combination that could minimize the objective function while satisfying constraints and limitations. In order to reduce the optimization time and to avoid trapping in the local optimums, two kinds of building block detection methods including lower fitness value method and bigger fitness value change method are proposed to determine the most important bits which have more contribution on fitness value of the chromosomes. Then the procedures to apply LLGA in controller gains tuning are specified stepwise and the optimization results in runway condition are depicted subsequently. Finally, the comparison is made between the LLGA and the simple GA in GTE controller optimization to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the LLGA method can get better solution than simple GA within the same iterations or optimization time. The extension applications of the LLGA method in other flight conditions and the complete flight mission simulation will be carried out in part II.     

一种面向运载火箭自动对接的三维测量场构建方法

旋转激光自动经纬仪系统(R-LATs)是一种基于前方角度交汇的分布式大尺寸测量系统。各激光扫描基站的布局位置直接影响着测量区域内的测量精度和应用性能。从测量区域的测量不确定度量化着手,利用蒙特卡罗法获取各点的测量不确定度,以测量区域的最大不确定度作为主要优化目标,利用差分进化算法自动寻优,更简单有效地实现了面向运载火箭自动对接的R-LATs系统布站优化。最后进行了运载火箭对接测量场的实际应用验证。应用结果表明:该方法能有效优化激光扫描基站布局,提高系统测量精度,满足实际应用需求。     

基于TANA函数的非概率可靠度分析方法

建立一种基于TANA(Two-Point Adaptive Nonlinear Approximation)函数的高效稳定非概率型可靠度分析方法。首先,对随机变量采用凸集合非概率多椭球模型进行描述,在可靠度指标法框架下,采用增强混沌控制(Enhanced Chaos Control,ECC)方法,在逼近最佳设计点时,利用两点自适应非线性逼近的TANA2函数拟合强非线性的功能函数,减少了可靠度分析中功能函数的调用次数,有效提高了算法的效率及稳定性。还对不同非线性程度的功能函数进行了可靠度求解以及优化的算例验证。     

Hierarchical global search for fuel-optimal impulsive transfers between lunar libration orbits

The attention to the periodic orbit in the Earth-Moon restricted three-body system continues to grow due to its special environment and locations. This research investigates the feasibility of constructing fuel-optimal single and multiple impulse transfers between unstable periodic orbits at L₁ and L₂ points. Invariant manifolds, which could provide the appropriate initial trajectories for optimization, are analyzed deeply to enable previously unknown orbit options and potentially to reduce mission cost. A global search strategy based on comparing the orbital state of the unstable and stable manifolds, incorporated with low-thrust techniques, is performed to seek a suitable matching point for maneuver application. Then the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is adopted to further optimize the velocity increment and obtain the single/multiple impulse optimal transfers. The associated constraint gradients are derived to achieve higher accuracy and rapidity of the algorithm. To highlight the effectivity of the transfer scheme, three-dimensional low-energy transfers between different types and spatial regions of performing single and multiple impulses are explored. The total Delta-V required varies between a few meters per second and tens of meters per second, and the related flight time is about several weeks, mainly depending on the energy of periodic orbits and the invariant manifold structure. The results obtained in this paper can provide a useful reference for the selection of escape and capture site along the manifolds, maneuver magnitude and transfer time.     

时变加权LQT设计方法理论推导及应用

利用矩阵运算公式和极值原理,对时变加权性能指标下的线性二次型跟踪器(LQT)迭代方程进行了理论推导。以F-16飞机为例,利用飞行控制经验构建俯仰速率控制系统线性框图。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下,针对两种时变加权性能指标和一种定常加权性能指标,利用多变量优化算法完成了一个状态点的控制律参数设计,并进行了时域和频域对比分析,初步验证了时变加权LQT设计方法的工程可行性和有效性。