镁基水反应金属燃料一次燃烧波特性研究

采用单幅火焰照相、Π形微热电偶等技术,研究了镁基水反应金属燃料一次燃烧火焰特性,得到了燃烧波温度分布曲线及各温度区厚度等参数.初步分析了燃料体系在燃烧表面附近的燃烧特征.结果显示,燃烧室压强为1.0 MPa时,燃面温度和气相火焰温度分别为556℃和1270 ℃;随着燃烧室压强的增大,镁基水反应金属燃料凝聚相反应区厚度增大,燃面温度升高,气相火焰温度升高,火焰明亮程度增强;气相火焰中包含着镁的异相反应,产物中含有大量的镁蒸气.     

增材制造钛铝合金研究进展

钛铝合金具有轻质、高强、耐高温等优异特性,在航空领域,特别是在航空发动机涡轮叶片上具有重要应用价值。然而,钛铝合金的室温脆性大、热变形能力低,使得采用传统的锻造、精密铸造、粉末冶金等技术均难以制造具有复杂形状,特别是具有内部空腔结构的钛铝合金叶片,限制了其性能的进一步提升。增材制造技术能够突破形状的制约,有望发展成为制造钛铝合金复杂结构零部件的新技术。目前,应用于钛铝合金的增材制造技术主要有电子束选区熔化、选区激光熔化和激光金属沉积。本文调研了增材制造钛铝合金领域2010~2020年的文献,对上述3类增材制造技术的原理和特性、所使用合金粉末的特性、打印构件的相组成、组织形貌和热处理工艺、宏观和微观力学性能及其在航空领域的应用等研究进行了对比分析和评述,并对增材制造钛铝合金发展中所存在的问题及下一步研发重点进行了总结和探讨。     

金属增材制造技术

金属增材制造技术作为3D打印技术的一个重要分支,在20余年的发展中取得了显著的进展。文中简要回顾了金属增材制造技术的历史溯源,重点从制件组织结构、制件性能、制件微观缺陷、成形工艺等方面分析了针对钛合金、镍基高温合金等常用材料的增材制造技术研究新进展,探讨了增材制造技术发展所面临的技术问题以及需要重点考虑的发展方向。     

飞机框肋类零件基础特征自动识别与提取算法

飞机框肋类零件是组成飞机骨架的重要零件,具有数量大、形状各异等特点,其生产制造所耗费的时间在飞机研制过程中占有较大比重。然而,通过现有CAD软件所提供的功能进行相关制造操作,无论是效率、质量等均已不能满足现代飞机设计和制造要求,围绕飞机框肋类零件研究和开发相关的自动化制造系统已迫在眉睫。基于框肋类零件边界表示模型对零件基础特征进行自动识别与提取,是实现后续相关工艺规划与加工的基础与前提。针对该问题,提出零件基础特征模型,并建立一种基于同侧面的特征识别算法,即:以零件STEP数据作为输入,选取两侧腹板面,应用属性邻接图（AAG）构建、有效邻面识别、关联面完整识别等方法,逐级识别各级关联面以构建两侧同侧面,通过同侧面单元匹配最终实现基础特征构造和特征邻接图构建。其中,针对零件三维模型中的碎面缺陷提出其定义与识别方法,以保证特征面识别的完整性。经由实例测试,验证所提算法的可行性与有效性。      

一种计算金属二次电子发射系数的解析模型

精确的金属材料二次电子发射系数模型对于计算空间大功率微波部件的微放电功率阈值至关重要,而现有的二次电子发射系数模型在准确性和工程应用两方面不能兼顾。通过分析二次电子的逸出几率,结合修正的Bethe能量损失规律,建立了金属材料二次电子发射系数的解析模型。进一步以未清洗的和Ar离子清洗过的Ag材料为例,用解析模型对试验测量值进行了拟合,在获得解析模型中关键参数的基础上建立了Ag材料二次电子发射系数模型。计算结果显示,在不同入射角度下未清洗和清洗Ag 材料的模型计算值与试验值的均方差在4%以内,表明提出的解析模型在减少拟合参数的基础上能够获得具体金属材料精确的二次电子发射系数模型,可用于精确模拟空间大功率微波部件的微放电功率阈值和加速器内部的电子云浓度。     

Three-dimensional temperature prediction in cylindrical turning with large-chamfer insert based on a modified slip-line field approach

Chamfered inserts have found broader applications in metal cutting process especially in high-performance machining of hard-to-cut materials for their excellent edge resistance and cutting toughness. However, excessive heat generation and resulting high cutting temperature eventually cause severe tool wear and poor surface integrity, which simultaneously limits the optimal selection of machining parameters. In the present study, an analytical thermal–mechanical model is proposed for the prediction of the three-dimensional (3-D) temperature field in cylindrical turning with chamfered round insert based on a modified slip-line field approach. First, an innovative discretization method is introduced in a general 3-D coordinate system to provide a comprehensive demonstration of the irregular cutting geometry and heat generation zones. Then, a plasticity-theory-based slip-line field model is developed and employed to determine the intensities and geometries of every elementary heat sources in Primary Deformation Zones (PDZ), Secondary Deformation Zones (SDZ) and Dead Metal Zones (DMZ). At last, a 3-D analytical model is suggested to calculate the temperature increases caused by the entire heat sources and associated images. The maximum cutting temperature region predicted is found existing upon the chip-tool contact area rather than the tool edge. Moreover, the rationalities of cutting parameters employed are analyzed along with theoretical material removal rates and ensuing maximum cutting temperatures. The results indicate that the cutting conditions with large depth of cut and high cutting speed are more desirable than those with high feed rates. The proposed models are respectively verified through a series of 3-D Finite Element (FE) simulations and dry cutting experiments of Inconel 718 with chamfered round insert. Satisfactory agreement has been reached between the predictions and simulations as well as the measurements, which confirms the correctness and effectiveness of the presented analytical model.     

Tool Materials Rapid Selection Based on Initial Wear

Based on a large amount of literature about tool wear research, 873 tool wear curves are taken as samples, and statistical analysis is carried out to select the most suitable tool from all the tool materials suggested by the tool manufacturers. Statistical relationships between the initial wear and uniform wear periods are obtained. The results show that there is qualitative relationship between wear rate during initial wear period (WRIWP) and wear rate in uniform wear period (WRUWP) to certain extent. On this basis, a tool material rapid selection method based on the initial wear is put forward, and suitable tool materials for machining titanium alloy are selected. The experimental results indicate that this method is effective and useful. The new tool materials rapid selection can be used to select suitable cutting tool materials quickly before carrying out systematic machinability tests with the most suitable tool materials. The technology can be applied to doing the initial selection of cutting tool materials in either the machinability research or the workshop production.     

基于有限元法的金属材料静强度破坏准则应用研究

根据1种基于有限元法的金属材料静强度破坏准则,设计了2种净截面积相同的缺口试件,用弹塑性、大应变、大变形的非线性有限元方法对试件在静载荷作用下的破坏载荷进行了计算,并进行了试验验证。计算结果与试验结果相比误差很小,很好地验证了基于有限元法的金属材料静强度破坏准则。     

磁记忆检测力-磁效应微观机理的试验研究

铁磁材料在地磁场环境中受载荷的作用,其内部会发生具有磁致伸缩性质的磁畴组织定向和不可逆的重新取向.将去应力退火后的20钢和45钢压缩试件分别施加不同载荷并制作成金相观察试样,利用粉纹法观察受力程度不同的试件的磁畴结构,然后,对比同种材料不同载荷试样的磁畴结构照,分析不同残余应力对磁畴的影响.试验表明:未受力或应力集中较小时,晶粒内磁畴以片状畴为主,同一晶粒内畴壁相互平行,随着应力集中程度的增加,磁畴结构出现迷宫畴.且应力集中程度越大,迷宫畴个数越多,同时畴壁长度和间距发生改变.     

固体火箭冲压发动机技术研究进展

近年来,固体火箭冲压发动机获得飞快发展,本文综述了其技术研究进展,为后续固体火箭冲压发动机技术及相似技术的发展提供借鉴。主要介绍了固体火箭冲压发动机的燃气流量调节技术、贫氧推进剂技术、高效燃烧组织技术、转级技术等关键技术。总结发现国内外关键技术已取得了较全面突破,逐渐进入工程实用阶段,但燃烧基础问题研究不足。因此,有必要进一步深入开展推进剂细观燃烧、多相湍流燃烧、金属颗粒燃烧等基础科学研究,进而促进固体火箭冲压发动机技术发展。