含多部位损伤搭接结构应力强度因子三维有限元分析

应力强度因子(Stress intensity factor,SIF)分析是含多部位损伤(Multiple site damage,MSD)结构剩余强度和裂纹扩展寿命预测的基础和关键。考虑接触与摩擦,建立了含MSD搭接结构的三维有限元模型,研究了不同裂纹长度、铆钉类型以及损伤模式下裂纹尖端SIF分布情况和变化规律。结果表明,搭接件孔边裂纹Ⅰ型SIF起主导作用,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型SIF可忽略不计。由于次弯曲、铆钉变形和板厚度等因素,SIF在外表面最小,接触面一侧较大,最大值多位于蒙皮内部。MSD会使裂纹间的干涉作用增强,SIF增大,且裂纹间距离越近干涉作用越强。裂纹长度相同时,埋头铆钉的孔边裂纹SIF积分均值大于平头铆钉,且接触面的SIF埋头铆钉大于平头铆钉,外表面则相反。     

绿色技术创新对企业成长绩效的影响——基于研发投入强度的调节作用

随着我国经济的高速发展,生态问题日渐凸显。通过技术创新处理好经济发展和生态效益的关系成为实现绿色发展的内在要求。本文利用94家创业板制造业上市公司2014—2017年的数据,采用广义最小二乘法对绿色技术创新、研发投入强度与企业成长绩效之间的关系进行实证分析,探讨了绿色技术创新对企业成长绩效的直接影响,并对研发投入强度的调节作用进行分析。结果显示:绿色技术创新对企业成长绩效具有显著的正向影响;研发投入强度对绿色技术创新与企业成长绩效的关系产生显著的负向调节作用。     

An Artificial Neural Network based approach for estimation of rain intensity from spectral moments of a Doppler Weather Radar

By using a Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) at Shriharikota (13.66°N & 80.23°E), an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based technique is proposed to improve the accuracy of rain intensity estimation. Three spectral moments of a Doppler spectra are utilized as an input data to an ANN. Rain intensity, as measured by the tipping bucket rain gauges around the DWR station, are considered as a target values for the given inputs. Rain intensity as estimated by the developed ANN model is validated by the rain gauges measurements. With the help of a developed technique, reasonable improvement in the estimation of rain intensity is observed. By using the developed technique, root mean square error and bias are reduced in the range of 34–18% and 17–3% respectively, compared to Z–R approach.     

不同钝体宽度下的驻涡燃烧室排放试验

为了研究空气流量分配对驻涡燃烧室对排放特性的影响,了解对驻涡燃烧室内污染物生成的过程及其影响因素,设计了一个能够改变中心钝体宽度、仅凹腔供油的驻涡燃烧室.在常压下对该驻涡燃烧室进行了排放特性试验,进口温度保持200℃.试验中,燃烧室进口马赫数为0.15~0.3.影响排放的因素主要包括雾化质量、凹腔当量比以及与进口马赫数相关的驻留时间等.总体来说雾化质量、凹腔当量比的提高对降低CO和HC的排放是有利的,但是这会使NOx排放增加.在低凹腔当量比时,CO排放曲线变化下降比较平缓,甚至出现上升趋势,而HC排放曲线比较陡峭.这是由于HC的消耗速度比CO消耗速度快,随着凹腔当量比的增加,供油压力提高,燃油雾化粒径变小,燃油蒸发时间缩短,使HC排放快速减少,中间产物CO大量产生而来不及消耗.凹腔当量比进一步上升时,由于燃烧温度的提高,使得CO排放快速减少.在燃烧室内燃烧过程中,NOx的形成和消耗是非常复杂的过程,目前只能作一些定性的分析,而CO和HC的反应过程相对简单.通过对不同钝体槽宽下,具有相似凹腔前壁流量的工况的比较,发现CO和HC的形成主要受凹腔内工作状况影响,而NOx的形成过程更复杂,主流也对其产生着重要的影响.      

基于三维裂纹尖端应力场的应力强度因子计算方法

提出一种基于无限大体裂纹尖端弹性应力场理论解的前几项多项式函数,对实际裂纹体弹性应力场有限元解进行拟合来计算应力强度因子的方法.该方法在计算应力强度因子时不需要预先假设裂纹尖端的应力应变状态,应力强度因子计算结果更符合三维裂纹体裂纹尖端实际的应力应变状态.首先基于二维无限大板中心穿透裂纹应力场理论解验证了方法的有效性,探讨了拟合确定应力强度因子需要的多项式应力函数的项数.然后分别以二维大板中心穿透裂纹、三维大体内埋圆裂纹和三维有限厚板中心穿透裂纹的应力强度因子计算为例,通过与无限大板和无限大体应力强度因子理论解以及基于位移外推法和1/4节点张开位移法的应力强度因子有限元解的对比分析,验证了该方法的有效性和合理性.研究表明该方法能够合理反映三维裂纹体裂纹尖端的实际应力应变状态,计算得到的应力强度因子数值更合理.      

高湍流度时全气膜涡轮叶片表面冷却和换热特性的实验研究

为获得高主流湍流度时全气膜涡轮叶片表面的冷却和换热特性,在跨声速风洞中实验研究了质量流量比(MFR)和主流雷诺数(Re)对叶片表面气膜冷却效率和换热系数比的影响。在叶片前缘布置了5排圆形孔,在吸力面和压力面分别布置了3排和6排圆形孔,实验结果由嵌入在叶片中截面的热电偶测得。实验中基于弦长的主流雷诺数的范围为3.0×105～9.0×105,叶栅出口马赫数Ma为0.8, MFR的范围是5.5%～12.5%,主流湍流度Tu为14.7%。实验结果表明:主流雷诺数升高显著增强了叶片表面的换热,使层流边界层到湍流边界层的转捩位置提前。对于吸力面S/C0.2的区域(S/C为当地弧长与弦长之比),气膜冷却效率受MFR影响明显,当MFR大于7.7%时提高MFR会导致气膜冷却效率降低;该区域的换热系数比在中低雷诺数时受MFR影响较小,在高雷诺数时随MFR升高而升高。压力面S/C-0.7区域的气膜冷却效率随MFR升高而升高,-0.7S/C-0.4区域的气膜冷却效率受MFR影响较小,对于整个压力面而言,MFR升高提高了叶片表面的换热系数。相对于叶片其它区域,压力面后半段区域和吸力面的气膜冷却效率受雷诺数影响较大。     

Experimental investigations of the spray structure and interactions between sectors of a double-swirl low-emission combustor

In this paper, the spray characteristics of a double-swirl low-emission combustor are analyzed by using Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technologies in an optical three-sector combustor test rig. Interactions between sectors and the influence of main stage swirl intensity on spray structure are explained. The results illustrate that the swirl intensity has great effect on the flow field and spray structure. The spray cone angle is bigger when the swirl number is 0.7, 0.9 than that when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel distribution zone is larger and the distribution is more uniform when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel concentration in the center area of the center plane of side sector (Plane 5) is larger than that of the center plane of middle sector (Plane 1). The spray cone angle in Plane 5 is larger than that in Plane 1. The width of spray cone becomes larger with the increase of Fuel–Air Ratio (FAR), whereas the spray cone angle under different fuel–air ratios are absolutely the same. The results of the mechanism of spray organization in this study can be used to support the design of new low-emission combustor.     

Refinements in the data analysis of VIRTIS-M-IR Venus nightside spectra

The successful long-duration radiation measurements performed by the VIRTIS instrument aboard ESA’s Venus Express spacecraft have provided an excellent collection of atmospheric and surface data that stand out due to their high temporal and spatial coverage of the planet and due to a high diversity of measurement and environmental conditions.     

声强测量的有效性分析及其在国产轻型飞机上的应用

本文对声强测量的有效性作了较全面分析，为精确的声测量奠定了基础。分析结果应用于某型飞机的声强测量中，为该型飞机的降噪工作提供了可靠的数据来源。