隔板截面造型对超声速膨胀器流场及性能的影响

采用三维雷诺平均N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,在设计工况下对3种隔板截面形状的超声速膨胀器的三维流道流场进行了数值研究.结果表明:矩形截面形状的超声速膨胀器近吸力面区域气流速度大,斜激波之后流动损失低,等熵绝热效率较高;正梯形截面形状的超声速膨胀器出口平均绝对马赫数、静压比以及膨胀比大,综合性能相对最优;角区附面层分离、回流形成的低速气流团以及斜激波所导致高速气流的增压过程是出口流动损失的主要来源;优化隔板沿径向的结构,超声速膨胀器的综合性能有望进一步提高.      

非相干散射雷达的空间碎片参数统计分析

采用匹配滤波方法处理了非相干散射雷达的原始采样数据(时长约7h), 共检测到394个空间碎片, 估算了其轨道高度、径向速度、散射截面、等效直径及径向加速度等参数, 统计分析了这些参数的变化特征, 得到穿过雷达 波束的空间碎片流量约为60h-1, 信噪比为10～1000, 空间碎片主要分布在600～1100km和1400～1600km两个高度区间, 散射截面 10-5～10-2m2, 等效直径3～10cm, 径向速度-1.5～1.5km·s-1, 径向加速度20～90m·s-2, 这对于中国的空间碎片探测与研究具有重要参考意义.      

Comprehensive optimization design of aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering characteristics of serpentine nozzle

Comprehensive optimization design of serpentine nozzle with trapezoidal outlet was studied to improve its aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering performance. Serpentine nozzles with different center offsets and different ratios of the bases of the trapezoidal outlet were generated based on curvature control regulation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been conducted to obtain the flow field in the nozzle, and Forward-Backward Iterative Physical Optics (FBIPO) method was applied to study the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the nozzle. Guarantee Convergence Particle Swarm Optimization (GCPSO) algorithm based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network was used to optimize the geometry of the nozzle in consideration of its aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering characteristics. The results show that the GCPSO method based on RBF can be used to optimize the aerodynamic characteristics of the internal flow and the scattering characteristics of the cavity of the serpentine nozzle with irregular outlet. The optimized model has a higher center offset and a lower ratio of the bases of the trapezoidal outlet after optimization compared to the original model. The optimized model leads to a slight change in aerodynamic performance, with a total pressure recovery coefficient increase of 0.31% and a discharge coefficient increase of 0.41%. In addition, the Radar Cross Section (RCS) decreases also by around 83.33% and the overall performance is significantly improved, with a decrease of the optimized objective function by around 38.74%.     

Advanced high-order nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm for high-resolution wide-swath spaceborne SAR

Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a well-established and powerful imaging technology that can provide high-resolution images of the Earth’s surface on a global scale. For future SAR systems, one of the key capabilities is to acquire images with both high-resolution and wide-swath. In parallel to the evolution of SAR sensors, more precise range models, and effective imaging algorithms are required. Due to the significant azimuth-variance of the echo signal in High-Resolution Wide-Swath (HRWS) SAR, two challenges have been faced in conventional imaging algorithms. The first challenge is constructing a precise range model of the whole scene and the second one is to develop an effective imaging algorithm since existing ones fail to process high-resolution and wide azimuth swath SAR data effectively. In this paper, an Advanced High-order Nonlinear Chirp Scaling (A-HNLCS) algorithm for HRWS SAR is proposed. First, a novel Second-Order Equivalent Squint Range Model (SOESRM) is developed to describe the range history of the whole scene, by introducing a quadratic curve to fit the deviation of the azimuth FM rate. Second, a corresponding algorithm is derived, where the azimuth-variance of the echo signal is solved by azimuth equalizing processing and accurate focusing is achieved through a high-order nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm. As a result, the whole scene can be accurately focused through one single imaging processing. Simulations are provided to validate the proposed range model and imaging algorithm.     

非相干雷达探测低电离层的结果分析

位于波多黎各的Arecibo非相干雷达可以获得低电离层电子和离子密度, 利用此非相干雷达数据对中纬度低电离层的运动特征进行研究. 得到了电子密度随时间和高度的变化 情况, 结果显著呈现出周日变化特征, 并分析了电子密度随高度的变化规律. 进一步对数据进行频谱分析, 深入研究低电离层电子密度的周日变化效应. 得到电子密度的高度剖面, 发现从F层底部到E层有明显的等离子体沉降. 低电离层的层结构特征及电子密度变化表明, 在该区域还存在不同程度的等离子体扰动, 由此对低电离层的作用因素 进行分析, 认为大气潮汐或声重波可能对低电离层产生扰动, 即低电离层与大气存在一定程度的耦合作用.      

不同攻角下高超声速二元进气道性能研究

针对高超声速二维混压进气道,以最大总压恢复系数为目标,基于多楔面内收缩段设计原理,利用多楔角方法设计内收缩段长度和出口高度等。通过比较不同攻角下二元进气道总压恢复系数、流场及启动情况等多方面特性,验证了改变攻角对进气道启动特性改善的效果。     

某涡轴发动机起动不成功分析

对某型发动机外场起动不成功试验数据进行分析,并通过燃油喷嘴低油压雾化试验及整机起动时的温度场测量验证,确认燃油喷嘴喷口积炭后,燃油喷嘴喷雾锥角减少,燃油雾化质量恶化,直接影响到发动机起动时火焰联焰的可靠性,对发动机起动性能产生较大影响.涡流器插入深度对涡流器出口喷雾的部件研究试验结果显示:插入深度对涡流器出口喷雾无影响;整机模拟外场使用结果表明:发动机在不大于30%功率的低状态长期使用,离心式燃油喷嘴容易出现积炭.      

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.     

一种利用纵振的直线超声电机(英文)

设计了一种利用变截面杆纵振模态工作的直线超声电机,该超声电机的特点是有两个变截面杆状并由一半圆环连接。位于圆环中间驱动足顶部质点以椭圆轨迹运动,当驱动足以一定预压力接触动子时,动子将输出直线运动。通过建立定子的有限元模型并对其进行谐响应分析验证了原理的可行性。提出了电机结构设计的要求,并通过有限元方法进行了结构参数灵敏度分析,为该类电机结构的设计提供了高效的方法。样机试验表明,该电机在100mm/s的运行速度下可以推动10N的负载。     

动导数数值预测中的相关问题

动导数是飞行器动态稳定性分析、弹道设计和控制系统设计的重要参数,其预测方法主要有工程近似方法、数值模拟和风洞试验。基于动导数、交叉导数的概念,介绍了强迫振荡法、自由振荡法等预测动导数的数值模拟方法,重点就超声速、高超声速动导数数值预测中存在的问题开展讨论,包括时间步长、子迭代步数的选取;振荡频率对辨识结果的影响;强迫振荡法和自由振荡法辨识动导数可能存在差异的原因分析;交叉导数和交叉耦合导数的辨识问题以及飞行器构型对动导数预测的影响等。并结合算例进行了具体分析,在总结现有研究经验的同时,针对当前研究中存在的困惑和难题,提出了相应的改进建议。