弯曲段壁面冲击发散冷却结构流量系数与冷却效率的实验

为了研究回流燃烧室弯曲段采用冲击发散冷却结构时的流量系数和冷却效率,设计了多种不同几何尺寸的实验件模型,分别对其流量系数和冷却效率进行了实验研究,得出如下结论:①弯曲段冲击发散冷却结构的流量系数较小,一般不会超过0.7.发散孔倾角为40°的流量系数要小于倾角为20°和30°的流量系数,流量系数随着发散孔纵向间距比的增大而减小.②弯曲段冲击发散冷却结构的冷却效率均随着吹风比的增大而增大,其冷却效率要明显高于直板冲击发散冷却结构,且这种差异随着吹风比的增大而逐渐减弱.      

交叉航路飞行间隔安全评估研究

在交叉航路上初步研究了碰撞风险模型,从冲突区域模型、概率论模型、Event模型、Reich及其改进模型等5种碰撞风险模型的角度,分析了各个模型的使用范围及建模思想,并在此基础上分析了飞行间隔安全评估未来的研究方向：基于CNS性能的飞行间隔安全评估,防撞系统如何减少碰撞风险以及人为因素对碰撞风险的影响,为今后的研究奠定了基础。     

Investigation of vertical profile of rain microstructure at Ahmedabad in Indian tropical region

The microstructure of rain has been studied with observations using a vertical looking Micro Rain Radar (MRR) at Ahmedabad (23.06°N, 72.62°E), a tropical location in the Indian region. The rain height, derived from the bright band signature of melting layer of radar reflectivity profile, is found to be variable between the heights 4600 m and 5200 m. The change in the nature of rain, classified on the basis of radar reflectivity, is also observed through the MRR. It has been found that there are three types of rain, namely, convective, mixed and stratiform rain, prevailing with different vertical rain microstructures, such as, Drop Size Distribution (DSD), mean drop size, rain rate, liquid water content and average fall speed of the drops at different heights. It is observed that the vertical DSD profile is more inhomogeneous for mixed and stratiform type rain than for convective type rain. It is also found that the large number of drops of size <0.5 mm is present in convective rain whereas in stratiform rain, drops concentration is appreciable up to 1 mm. A comparison of measurements taken by ground based Disdrometer and that from the 200 m level obtained from MRR shows good agreement for rain rate and DSD at smaller rain rate values. The results may be useful for understanding rain structures over this region.     

A New Method for Analyzing Integrated Stealth Ability of Penetration Aircraft

Taking into account the limitations of existing stealth performance analysis methods, a method termed as the integrated stealth performance analysis method is proposed for evaluating the stealth ability of the penetration aircraft. Based on various target radar cross section (RCS) scattering characters, this article integrates the relevant parameters needed for building up target circumferential RCS scattering model and proposes the RCS scattering controlling parameters to control the changing trends of the relevant model RCS scattering characters. According to the radar dynamic detecting characters during the whole penetration course, a dynamic stealth performance evaluating model is proposed accompanied by a series of stealth ability estimation rules. This new analysis method can enhance the integrality and dependability of the stealth analysis conclusions and summarize the relationship between the target RCS scattering characters and their effects on stealth performance. The rules indicated by this relationship can be used as the reference for designing new type of stealth aircraft and setting up specific penetration tactics.     

Multi-frequency RCS Reduction Characteristics of Shape Stealth with MLFMA with Improved MMN

Three new control factors are presented for calculating the multipole mode number (MMN) efficiently and precisely. The effects of these control factors on the number of integral samples and the precision of multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) are investigated. A new approach based on control factors which is proven to be able to improve the computational efficiency and reduce the needed memory significantly as well as ensuring the proper precision. For three aircraft models, the improved MLFMA is employed to analyze their multi-frequency scattering characteristics. It is found that aircraft shape can influence radar cross section (RCS) in different frequency zones. Both the multi-frequency RCS reduction characteristics of shape stealth aircraft and the conventional aircraft with stealth design taken into account are investigated, and the results show that shape stealth exhibits significant RCS reduction in the resonance and high-frequency zones, and with a weaker influence in the Rayleigh zone. Compared with radar absorbing material (RAM), shape stealth yields a wider multi-frequency RCS reduction. The above-mentioned results can be applied to stealth design for multiple frequencies or even for all frequencies.     

基于轨道参数和SAR回波数据的多普勒调频率快速估计

多普勒调频率是SAR方位向压缩的关键参数之一. 调频率的失配会带来严重的方位向散焦, 从而影响成像质量. 基于减灾、防灾目的, 需要对SAR数据快速成像, 从而相应要求对多普勒调频率进行快速估计处理. 根据多普勒调频率快速估计需求, 提出了一种基于轨道参数法和Map Drift算法估计多普勒调频率的综合反演算法, 利用多普勒调频率与距离的关系, 简化整个估计流程, 从而提高估计速度. 同时给出了一种块数据筛选的方法, 用于选择综合反演法中所采用的块数据. 实验结果表明, 综合反演法能够在满足成像质量要求的基础上, 快速估计出多普勒调频率.      

星载降水测量雷达重频设计分析

文章讨论了星载降水测量雷达（SPR）重频设计要求和约束条件,并以GPMKuPR系统参数为例,研究了SPR重频设计的约束条件,提出和分析了几种重频设计方案。仿真结果表明一种自适应重频技术完全满足系统要求,并能获得最多脉冲积累数。     

基于当地变量的横流转捩预测模型的研究与改进

Langtry和Menter提出的转捩预测模型需要改进以具备预测横流转捩的能力。当地变量Helicity参数可以指示边界层内的横流信息,因而可用来构造适用于复杂构型以及当代计算流体力学(CFD)并行计算的横流转捩预测模型。实现了基于Helicity参数的横流转捩预测模型,对于后掠角为45°的NLF(2)-0415无限展长后掠翼,模型能够预测不同雷诺数对横流转捩的影响,但是对6:1椭球的横流转捩预测结果与试验数据相差较多。针对实现的横流转捩预测模型的缺点,考虑横流速度因素进行改进。横流速度的求解经过简化近似可以当地求解,因而保证了改进的模型完全基于当地变量的优势。采用改进后的横流转捩预测模型分别对NLF(2)-0415机翼、6:1椭球以及DLR-F5机翼进行数值模拟,并与试验数据进行对比分析,结果显示改进后的横流转捩预测模型可以较为准确地捕捉横流转捩现象。     

基于Bayesian-MCMC估计的隐身飞机RCS模型优化

对隐身飞机的雷达散射截面(RCS)统计建模时,传统方法通过直接计算RCS样本的统计特征估计模型参数,可能会产生较大的拟合误差。本文提出采用贝叶斯-蒙特卡罗(Bayesian-MCMC )方法提高起伏模型的参数估计精度,从而减小模型的拟合误差。首先将卡方分布模型和对数正态分布模型进行贝叶斯推导,得到其特征参数的后验估计表达式。然后采用MCMC算法构造后验分布的马尔可夫链,从而计算特征参数的估计值。最后通过比较2种方法的拟合曲线及其误差可知,本文方法适用于2种起伏模型,模型参数的估计误差比收敛误差门限值低1~2个数量级,2种分布模型的拟合精度均提高50%以上。      

基于不确定传感器状态的机载系统多层故障诊断方法

准确的机载系统故障诊断是保证飞机安全飞行和实现经济效益最大化的重要途径。然而传感器受到内外部环境条件的影响而不可避免的存在检测状态的不确定性,因此基于单个传感器或局部区域传感器综合检测结果的方法难以完全保证故障诊断的有效性和正确性。针对飞机机载系统的结构和工作原理,充分利用系统中不同层级、不同区域传感器检测特征之间的关联关系,考虑单个传感器本身存在的不确定性,构建了传感器信息前向融合与反向校验相结合的分层诊断决策方法,实现了对系统状态和传感器状态的双重估计与更新,克服了单一传感器故障对系统诊断推理准确度的影响。该方法较传统故障诊断模型,不再依赖某一个或某一类传感器信息的绝对可靠,在实现系统级的准确故障诊断同时,还能判断具体某一传感器本身是否发生虚拟警。在飞机液压系统故障诊断案例中,新方法成功将系统故障诊断的虚警率降低了96%,传感器的不确定度降低了84%。