声发射技术在复合材料结构无损检测中的应用

简述了复合材料AE技术的发展概况、AE特性和破坏类型;讨论了几种不同破坏机理的AE判据;着重介绍了AE技术在复合材料压力容器无损检测中的应用及压力容器水压试验时应注意的某些问题。     

平台压强指数附加物“TCA”与配方组分粒度和含量的关系

较详细地叙述了平台推进剂压强指数附加物“ＴＣＡ”与推进剂组与的粒度、含量的关系。     

Influence of thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations

Vortex-acoustic coupling is one of the most important potential sources of combustion instability in solid rocket motors (SRMs). Based on the Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) experimental motor, the influence of the thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations is numerically studied via the large eddy simulation (LES) method. The simulation results demonstrate that vortex shedding is a periodic process and its accurate frequency can be numerically obtained. Acoustic modes could be easily excited by vortex shedding. The vortex shedding frequency and second acoustic frequency dominate the pressure oscillation characteristics in the chamber. Thermal inhibitor position and gas temperature have little effect on vortex shedding frequency, but have great impact on pressure oscillation amplitude. Pressure amplitude is much higher when the thermal inhibitor locates at the acoustic velocity anti-nodes. The farther the thermal inhibitor is to the nozzle head, the more vortex energy would be dissipated by the turbulence. Therefore, the vortex shedding amplitude at the second acoustic velocity antinode near 3/4L (L is chamber length) is larger than those of others. Besides, the natural acoustic frequencies increase with the gas temperature. As the vortex shedding frequency departs from the natural acoustic frequency, the vortex-acoustic feedback loop is decoupled. Consequently, both the vortex shedding and acoustic amplitudes decrease rapidly.     

涡脱位置及温度对涡声效应压力振荡影响

为探索涡-声效应对固体火箭发动机中压力振荡特性的影响,基于VKI (Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics)发动机,通过改变挡板位置与燃气温度,对旋涡脱落引起的压力振荡进行了大涡模拟数值研究.耦合分析表明:挡板位于速度波腹附近,压力振荡最为严重;旋涡能量在输运过程中易于被湍流耗散,靠近喷管的二阶速度波腹处旋涡脱落压力振幅明显高于其它位置.解耦分析表明:温度对旋涡脱落频率影响不大,当旋涡脱落频率与声振频率分离后,压力振幅显著下降.     

基于旋转阀的脉冲爆震火箭发动机实验

针对现有条件下电磁阀高频与大流量不可兼得的矛盾,设计了一种凸轮式旋转阀,以此来控制脉冲爆震火箭发动机氧化剂、燃料和隔离气体的间歇式供给.基于该旋转阀,以汽油和富氧空气为推进剂,进行了不同频率下的实验.实验结果表明,推进剂和隔离气供给压力与点火相位直接影响到能否稳定起爆.随着频率的增加,在1～ 10 Hz范围内,降低隔离氮气压力、调整点火相位可实现发动机的稳定工作;10Hz以上时,仅需要提高油气的供给压力.基于该旋转阀控制技术,脉冲爆震火箭发动机实现了工作频率30 Hz的稳定工作.     

两级超声速引射器流动机理研究

超声速引射器在航天发动机、化学激光器等的地面试验所需压力恢复系统中有着重要的应用,采用超-超引射方式是优化压力恢复系统的性能和实现设备小型化的途径之一。为探索适用于超-超引射器的设计准则,对一种两级超声速引射器的超-超引射流动现象开展了研究,试验发现该构型引射器在特定压力匹配范围内即可实现一、二级主流间的超-超引射又可以实现主流对二次流的超-超引射,结合数值仿真对流场结构和参数的分析表明超-超引射的形成机制可归结为压力匹配问题,通过提高来流总压与混合室匹配静压的压比可建立超-超引射;混合室匹配静压由引射气流主导;提高二次流总压或降低主流压力均可提高二次流马赫数,该规律对建立超-超引射、提高引射效率有指导意义。      

国产芳纶纤维复合材料用环氧树脂体系

研制了一种环氧/ 芳香胺体系,采用DSC、固化反应动力学分析等方法对树脂体系进行了表征,并
对其浇注体、复合材料NOL 环以及Φ150 mm 压力容器性能进行了研究。结果表明,该树脂体系具有优良的浇
注体力学及热性能,其拉伸强度为101 MPa,断裂伸长率达4. 1%,弯曲强度为177 MPa,马丁耐热温度为
142． 2℃;与国产芳纶纤维的界面粘接性能良好,其NOL 环层间剪切强度可以达到52. 1 MPa,制备的复合材料
Φ150 mm 压力容器PV / W 值可达38. 44 km。     

卫星用复合材料气瓶性能

通过对环氧树脂、NOL环力学性能、金属内衬表面性能、复合材料真空质损和复合材料气瓶性能等进行研究和分析,研制出一种用于卫星推进系统的复合材料气瓶.结果表明:该复合材料气瓶经150次疲劳试验后爆破压强为86 MPa,容器特征系数达57.7 km,且满足真空使用环境要求.     

A study on turbulence transportation and modification of Spalart–Allmaras model for shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow

It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of turbulence models in shock-wave/ boundary layer interaction flow. The relationship between the pressure gradient, as well as the shear layer, and the development of turbulent kinetic energy in impinging shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow at Mach 2.25 is analyzed based on the data of direct numerical simulation(DNS). It is found that the turbulent kinetic energy is amplified by strong shear in the separation zone and the adverse pressure gradient near the separation point. The pressure gradient was non-dimensionalised with local density, velocity, and viscosity. Spalart–Allmaras(S–A) model is modified by introducing the non-dimensional pressure gradient into the production term of the eddy viscosity transportation equation. Simulation results show that the production and dissipation of eddy viscosity are strongly enhanced by the modification of S–A model. Compared with DNS and experimental data, the wall pressure and the wall skin friction coefficient as well as the velocity profile of the modified S–A model are obviously improved. Thus it can be concluded that the modification of S–A model with the pressure gradient can improve the predictive accuracy for simulating the shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction.     

碎片云撞击密封舱穿孔对其内压力和温度影响研究

为了了解碎片云撞击密封舱穿孔对其内压力和温度的影响程度及规律，以平面激波和热力学理论为基础，建立了碎片云高速撞击密封舱穿孔对其内大气压力和温度影响的模型，通过计算发现模型计算结果与实验吻合得较好。通过模型计算，结果表明：碎片云撞击密封舱舱壁穿孔造成其内大气压力和温度的变化趋势具有相似性；舱壁穿孔瞬间，舱内大气压力和温度只在距穿孔处一定距离发生剧变；碎片云撞击速度越大，引起舱内大气压力和温度的变化也越大。