Langley method applied in study of aerosol optical depth in the Brazilian semiarid region using 500, 670 and 870 nm bands for sun photometer calibration

Due to the high costs of commercial monitoring instruments, a portable sun photometer was developed at INPE/CRN laboratories, operating in four bands, with two bands in the visible spectrum and two in near infrared. The instrument calibration process is performed by applying the classical Langley method. Application of the Langley’s methodology requires a site with high optical stability during the measurements, which is usually found in high altitudes. However, far from being an ideal site, Harrison et al. (1994) report success with applying the Langley method to some data for a site in Boulder, Colorado. Recently, Liu et al. (2011) show that low elevation sites, far away from urban and industrial centers can provide a stable optical depth, similar to high altitudes. In this study we investigated the feasibility of applying the methodology in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, far away from pollution areas with low altitudes, for sun photometer calibration. We investigated optical depth stability using two periods of measurements in the year during dry season in austral summer. The first one was in December when the native vegetation naturally dries, losing all its leaves and the second one was in September in the middle of the dry season when the vegetation is still with leaves. The data were distributed during four days in December 2012 and four days in September 2013 totaling eleven half days of collections between mornings and afternoons and by means of fitted line to the data V₀ values were found. Despite the high correlation between the collected data and the fitted line, the study showed a variation between the values of V₀ greater than allowed for sun photometer calibration. The lowest V₀ variation reached in this experiment with values lower than 3% for the bands 500, 670 and 870 nm are displayed in tables. The results indicate that the site needs to be better characterized with studies in more favorable periods, soon after the rainy season.     

CCD在零件几何尺寸测量方面应用的研究

本文介绍了ＣＣＤ用于测量零件几何尺寸的探讨，设计制作了测量系统，取得一批实验数据，经过分析提出了改进的方案，为今后在这方面的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

Effects of optical parameter measurement uncertainties and solar irradiance fluctuations on solar sailing

The heliocentric orbital dynamics of a spacecraft propelled by a solar sail is affected by some uncertainty sources, including possible inaccuracies in the measurement of the sail film optical properties. Moreover, the solar radiation pressure, which is responsible for the solar sail propulsive acceleration generation, is not time-constant and is subject to fluctuations that are basically unpredictable and superimposed to the well-known 11-year solar activity cycle. In this context, this work aims at investigating the effects of such uncertainties on the actual heliocentric trajectory of a solar sail by means of stochastic simulations performed with a generalized polynomial chaos procedure. The numerical results give an estimation of their impact on the actual heliocentric trajectory and identify whether some of the uncertainty sources are more relevant than others. This is a fundamental information for directing more accurate theoretical and experimental efforts toward the most important parameters, in order to obtain an accurate knowledge of the solar sail thrust vector characteristics and, eventually, of the spacecraft heliocentric position.     

First astrometric observations of space debris with the MéO telescope

The MéO (for Métrologie Optique) telescope is the Satellite and Lunar Laser Ranging (SLR) dedicated telescope of Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (France) located at plateau de Calern. The telescope uses an altazimuth mount. The motorization of the mount has a capability of 6 deg/s allowing the follow up of Low Earth Orbits (LEO) satellites, as well as Medium Earth Orbits (MEO) and geostationary (GEO) satellites, and the Moon. The telescope has a primary mirror of 1.54 m. It uses a Nasmyth focus equipped with an EMCCD camera. The telescope field of view, defined by the equivalent focal length and the size of the camera, is currently 3.4 arcmin × 3.4 arcmin.     

镀膜光纤声相位调制器的研究

本文主要讨论氧化锌镀膜光纤光相位调制器。首先介绍了氧化锌镀膜光纤的几何结构，然后分析了此几何结构压电声光振荡的基本原理并推出了氧化锌镀膜光纤声光相位调制器Ｔ型网络的等效电路模型，最后给出了氧化锌镀膜光纤声光相位调制器的实验测试装置及基本工程原理。     

Astrometric positioning and orbit determination of geostationary satellites

In the project titled “Astrometric Positioning of Geostationary Satellite” (PASAGE), carried out by the Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada (ROA), optical observation techniques were developed to allow satellites to be located in the geostationary ring with angular accuracies of up to a few tenths of an arcsec. These techniques do not necessarily require the use of large telescopes or especially dark areas, and furthermore, because optical observation is a passive method, they could be directly applicable to the detection and monitoring of passive objects such as space debris in the geostationary ring.     

光学滤光片薄膜边缘应力研究

以光学滤光片薄膜边缘应力作为对象,研究了Ge/Zn S单、多层光学薄膜应力的变化规律。通过实验研究了离子束轰击能量以及真空退火温度等因素对Ge/Zn S光学薄膜应力类型、大小、变化及其分布的影响规律。Zn S薄膜的应力为压应力,采用离子束辅助工艺后薄膜边缘应力变得均匀;真空退火使Zn S薄膜的应力减小为原来的一半。通过优化沉积参数和张应力、压应力薄膜的组合降低了Ge/Zn S多层光学薄膜的应力,结果表明其平均应力分别为0.1 MPa,而且处于压应力状态。     

星间光通信中压电偏转系统控制算法研究

针对星间光通信中压电偏转系统通道间强耦合和系统状态量无法得到的问题，提出了分散式李亚普诺夫自适应控制系统。该系统采用分散式控制技术，引入非线性和参数漂移误差项，使通道间耦合作用动力学模型更加精确，增加自适应反馈和自适应前馈控制项，以提高控制自适应性和跟踪精度，并结合李亚普诺夫稳定性理论确定各自适应参数以保证系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明了该控制器可有效提高跟踪精度，抑制通道间耦合和卫星平台振动，从而证明了本文所提出控制方案的有效性和可靠性。     

Plasma Niobium Surface Alloying of Pure Titanium and its Oxidation at 900 ℃

A niobium-modified layer on pure titanium surface was obtained by means of double glow plasma surface alloying technique. The modified layer was uniform, continuous, compact and well adhered to the substrate. The niobium composition in the modified layer decreased gradually from the surface to the substrate. The oxidation behavior of the niobium-modified layer was investigated and compared with the untreated surface at 900 ℃ for 100 h. Characterization of the layers was performed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The test results show that the oxidation behavior of pure titanium was improved by niobium alloying process. Niobium has a positive influence on the oxidation resistance.     

考虑电荷交换的三维离子发动机栅极粒子模拟

为了对离子发动机光学系统进行数值分析，开发了考虑电荷交换的三维离子发动机栅极粒子模拟程序。模拟程序采用单元内粒子（PIC）方法，光学系统为双栅极结构，推进剂采用氙，总加速电压为1600V，栅极间距为1mm，粒子之间的电荷交换碰撞模型采用蒙特卡洛方法。采用链式存储结构存储粒子信息，可以实现数组式存储方法所不能实现的功能。使用粒子模拟程序对离子发动机光学系统进行了粒子模拟，模拟得到了栅极间的电场分布和氙离子空间分布。模拟结果表明，在所取工作参数下氙离子全部通过了栅极孔，未撞击到栅极上，验证了参数的合理性。