液氧平均流量测量研究

以液氧/煤油发动机试验中液氧平均流量测量为研究对象,主要介绍了其组成、测量原理及体积流量和质量流量的计算方法。采用分节式电容液面计测量液氧稳态平均流量,为准确测量低温推进剂流量开辟了一条新途径。为了减小涡轮流量计因水校后直接用于低温测量引起的系统误差,利用平均流量测量数据在原位进行校验。校验原理是根据质量守恒原理,以容器内测得的平均体积流量为基准,求出涡轮流量计在实用状态下的流量特性方程,由该方程提供液氧流量。     

流星雷达系统相位差偏差的估计和校正

介绍了一种新的流星雷达系统的相位偏差估计和校正方法.利用流星回波的观测数据,用回波信号在各个接收通道之间的相位差,结合干涉式接收天线阵的几何关系,建立了各天线相位差测量值与偏差值之间的线性方程组,利用最小二乘法求解方程组,得到了流星雷达系统各个接收通道之间的相位差偏差估计值及校正后的流星回波到达角.与已有的流星雷达相位偏差估计和校正的方法相比,这种方法可以通过流星雷达的观测数据来计破算雷达系统各个接收天线通道之间的相位差偏差量,而不需要增加额外的硬件,实现了对观测数据的事后处理,可以方便地对已有数据进行校正.以2004年4-6月的武汉流星雷达观测数据为例,计算了流星雷达系统的偏差估计量,并用校正后的数据来计算流星回波的空间位置.结果表明,校正后流星回波数在各个方向上随高度的分布比校正前更符合统计分布.      

涡轮发动机动力模拟器校准箱天平校准技术研究

笔者通过对校准箱中德国涡轮发动机动力模拟器(TPS)天平的研究,提出了外式组合天平校准方法及校准原理.针对TPS德国天平本身的结构特点、载荷大小,建立校准中心.研制一套专用德国天平校准装置,进而对该天平进行最终校准,给出校准公式,得出校准数据.     

轨控标定方法研究及在交会对接中的应用简

在航天测控任务中,对轨控效果进行标定并合理利用可以实现更为精准的轨道控制目标.提出一种用虚拟等效推力来替代姿态偏差所带来的影响,利用控前控后精密轨道同时标定轨控执行过程轨道切向、径向、法向三方向速度增量的方法,介绍该方法在我国交会对接任务中的应用情况,及其标定结果对定轨精度的敏感程度,试图在理论上进一步说明利用精密轨道进行轨控标定的可行性.     

应用标校卫星鉴定测控系统精度方法探讨

根据标校卫星的用途及所需提供的高精度比较标准等技术要求,针对星载比较标准及靶场数据处理状况,提出了改进和提高测控系统精度鉴定的技术途径.探讨和提出了4种类型的数据处理技术和方法,简述了它们的思路和关键技术,分析了应用条件和特点.其中.第1种方法是目前使用的经典鉴定方法;后3种方法（自鉴定方法、精确标准鉴定方法和融合处理鉴定方法）都充分利用了星上测量资源、卫星轨道运动特性以及优良的差分、自校准等融合处理技术,它们都明显优于经典鉴定方法.可以使标校卫星提供更精确的比较标准,扩大其目前的功能和用途.特别是融合处理鉴定方法,不仅可以精确地评定定位系统测量精度,而且可以为测速系统精度评定提供一种良好的技术途径.     

Regional in situ validation of satellite altimeters: Calibration and cross-calibration results at the Corsican sites

The in situ validation of the satellite altimeter sea surface heights is generally performed either at a few local points directly flown over by the satellites or using the global tide gauge network. A regional in situ calibration method was developed by NOVELTIS in order to monitor the altimeter data quality in a perimeter of several hundred kilometres around a given in situ calibration site. The primary advantage of this technique is its applicability not only for missions flying over dedicated sites but also for missions on interleaved or non repetitive orbits. This article presents the altimeter bias estimates obtained with this method at the Corsican calibration site, for the Jason-1 mission on its nominal and interleaved orbits as well as for the Jason-2 and Envisat missions. The various regional bias estimates (8.2 cm and 7.4 cm for Jason-1 respectively on the nominal and interleaved orbits in Senetosa, 16.4 cm for Jason-2 in Senetosa and 47.0 cm for Envisat in Ajaccio, with an accuracy between 2.5 cm and 4 cm depending on the mission) are compared with the results obtained by the other in situ calibration teams. This comparison demonstrates the coherency at the centimetre level, the stability and the generic character of the method, which would also be of benefit to the new and future altimeter missions such as Cryosat-2, SARAL/AltiKa, Sentinel-3, Jason-3, Jason-CS.     

Calibration of Envisat radar altimeter over Lake Issykkul

This study presents the results of calibration/validation (C/V) of Envisat satellite radar altimeter over Lake Issykkul located in Kyrgyzstan, which was chosen as a dedicated radar altimetry C/V site in 2004. The objectives are to estimate the absolute altimeter bias of Envisat and its orbit based on cross-over analysis with TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), Jason-1 and Jason-2 over the ocean. We have used a new method of GPS data processing in a kinematic mode, developed at the Groupe de Recherche de Geodesie Spatiale (GRGS), which allows us to calculate the position of the GPS antenna without needing a GPS reference station. The C/V is conducted using various equipments: a local GPS network, a moving GPS antenna along the satellites tracks over Lake Issykkul, In Situ level gauges and weather stations. The absolute bias obtained for Envisat from field campaigns conducted in 2009 and 2010 is between 62.1 and 63.4 ± 3.7 cm, using the Ice-1 retracking algorithm, and between 46.9 and 51.2 cm with the ocean retracking algorithm. These results differ by about 10 cm from previous studies, principally due to improvement of the C/V procedure. Apart from the new algorithm for GPS data processing and the orbit error reduction, more attention has been paid to the GPS antenna height calculation, and we have reduced the errors induced by seiche over Lake Issykkul. This has been assured using cruise data along the Envisat satellite track at the exact date of the pass of the satellite for the two campaigns. The calculation of the Envisat radar altimeter bias with respect to the GPS levelling is essential to allow the continuity of multi-mission data on the same orbit, with the expected launch of SARAL/Altika mission in 2012. Implications for hydrology in particular, will be to produce long term homogeneous and reliable time series of lake levels worldwide.     

动态压力校准技术现状分析

动态压力校准技术是确保航天型号压力测试数据准确可靠、量值统一的关键。介绍了动态压力校准的 必要性和特殊性,分别从阶跃压力校准法、周期压力校准法以及脉冲压力校准法三个方面,系统总结了国内外动态 压力校准技术的研究现状,提出目前仍存在的问题并对未来动态压力校准技术的发展提出改进措施。     

红外多光谱扫描仪定标光学系统低温性能分析与调整

文章对红外多光谱扫描仪定标光学系统在低温下的变化进行了理论分析和计算,并根据计算结果和以往试验数据,提出了低温光路调整的具体方法.     

基于喇曼散射测温系统温度标定问题的研究

主要研究了基于后向喇曼散射分布式光纤测温系统的温度标定问题.在讨论了系统稳定性和系统测温精度的基础上,提出了关于系统温度标定的一个结论.接着,对参考光纤不同状态和不同缠绕半径下的附加损耗进行了实验.在科学分析的前提下,给出了系统温度标定的实现方案.实际系统的设计过程证明:结论是正确、合理的,对此类系统设计具有一定的指导意义.