连续式风洞二喉道调节马赫数控制策略

为了降低连续式跨超声速风洞压力波动,提高马赫数稳定性,需要对二喉道调节马赫数控制方式进行研究,针对现有文献鲜少对该控制策略描述等问题,以0.6m连续式跨声速风洞为例,对二喉道控制马赫数的原理进行分析,基于运动控制器加伺服驱动器双PID(proportion-integral-derivative)控制模式实现二喉道位置精确控制,提出了二喉道和压缩机转速的组合控制流程,并采用分段变参数模糊PID加串级控制的算法实现马赫数精确控制,最后进行了试验验证。结果表明马赫数控制精度优于0.001,且每个马赫数极曲线(9个攻角阶梯)的时间可控制在4min以内,证明所提出的控制策略是有效的,可为连续式跨超声速风洞的设计调试提供参考。      

叶片式预旋喷嘴出口流场实验研究

叶片式预旋喷嘴具有尺寸小,落后角大的特点。为了详细研究小尺寸预旋喷嘴的预旋性能,采用五孔探针对叶片式预旋喷嘴的出口流场进行了实验研究。测量了Ma=0.2,0.3时喷嘴出口的压力分布、速度分布和出口气流角度分布,实验获得了喷嘴的落后角和预旋效率,并进行了与实验工况相同的数值计算。通过实验获得的总压云图以及速度云图,可以发现叶片式预旋喷嘴的端壁二次流损失、尾迹损失严重,有明显的边界层分离现象。Ma=0.2时,喷嘴Re数为5.76×104,落后角2.84°,实验测得的预旋效率为0.73;Ma=0.3时,喷嘴Re数为1.06×105,预旋效率提高至0.77。实验模型端壁的影响使预旋效率实验结果偏低6.5%左右。数值结果与实验测得各参数符合较好:数值结果与测得的喷嘴出口截面平均总压、静压偏差在1%以内;出气速度、周向速度以及出气角度与实验结果偏差在4%以内。数值计算表明,叶片式预旋喷嘴的预旋效率基本不受压比影响,随Re数增大先增大后基本不变,最后基本稳定在0.85。     

涡轮导向叶片综合冷却效率实验研究

为了研究流动参数对涡轮导向叶片综合冷却效率的影响,采用红外热像仪对叶片表面的温度分布进行了测量,得到了叶片的综合冷却效率随流量比、温比、主流进口雷诺数和湍流度的变化规律。实验过程中,次流与主流的流量比分别为0.15,0.18,0.20,0.22和0.24;主次流温比分别为1.4,1.7,1.93和2.2;主流进口雷诺数分别为1.0×10~5,1.1×10~5,1.2×10~5,1.3×10~5和1.4×10~5;主流进口湍流度分别为0.506%,8.156%,14.92%。结果表明,综合冷却效率在前缘处最低,沿流向逐渐升高;增大流量比会显著提高叶片的综合冷却效率,在温比为1.93时,流量比由0.15增大至0.24,综合冷却效率平均增加29.3%;温比和主流进口湍流度的增大均不利于综合冷却效率的提升,流量比为0.20时,温比由1.4增大至2.2,综合冷却效率平均下降46.5%,湍流度由0.506%增大至14.92%,综合冷却效率平均降低15.5%;主流进口雷诺数对叶片综合冷却效率的影响很小。     

雷诺数变化对翼型边界层发展及失速特性的影响

翼型失速及其边界层发展是飞行器设计中的基础科学问题,而雷诺数变化对其影响很大。针对后缘失速翼型,采用Menter k-ω SST模型及耦合扰动放大因子输运方程的转捩模型,进行雷诺数变化对层流-湍流转捩边界层特性和失速特性的影响分析。结果表明:雷诺数增大时,对于转捩边界层,当地涡量雷诺数增大,转捩前移且分离泡减小,流动能量耗散减小,翼型整体表面剪切效应增强,动能更充沛,流动自持能力增强,压力分布可以维持较长距离的梯度抵抗分离能力增强;因此雷诺数增大使翼型失速迎角提高、升力系数增加。     

封严篦齿腔内流动及旋涡分布和顶板换热特性的实验研究

自行设计了吸气式篦齿换热风洞并对篦齿腔内部旋涡分布及流场和篦齿顶板换热特性进行了详细的研究。测出了在不同雷诺数和齿隙比篦齿腔中旋涡分布和顶板换热规律。从机理上分析了雷诺数和齿隙比对篦齿腔内流动旋涡分布及顶板表面局部换热规律的影响。     

不同边界层厚度下高马赫数进气道自起动过程研究

为了探寻入口边界层厚度变化对高马赫数进气道自起动性能的影响,对简化的二元高马赫数进气道的加速自起动过程进行数值仿真研究,分析了边界层厚度对自起动过程中流场波系结构变化和自起动性能的影响机制,获得了不同边界层厚度下的进气道自起动性能及主分离包高度的变化规律。结果表明:随着边界层相对厚度从0.05增加至0.3,进气道的自起动马赫数一开始保持不变,然后快速增大;相同主流条件下,不起动流场跨越主分离包无量纲压升和主分离包高度随边界层相对厚度的增大均变小;边界层动量损失厚度和跨越主分离包无量纲压升对进气道起动性能影响重大。     

Predicting lean blow-off of bluffbody stabilized flames based on Damköhler number

Lean Blow-Off(LBO) prediction is important to propulsion system design. In this paper,a hybrid method combining numerical simulation and Da(Damk?hler) model is proposed based on bluffbody stabilized flames. In the simulated reacting flow, Practical Reaction Zone(PRZ) is built based on OH radical concentration, and it is considered to be the critical zone that controls LBO.Da number is obtained based on the volume-averaged parameters of PRZ. The flow time scale(s_f)indicates the residence time of the fresh mixture flowing through the PRZ. It is obtained based on the characteristic length and volume-averaged axial velocity of the PRZ. The chemical time scale(s_c) indicates the shortest time needed to trigger the reaction of the mixture. It is obtained by commercial software CHEMKIN through monitoring the transient variation of the reactor temperature. The result shows that the average Da number under different LBO conditions is 1.135(the Da number under each LBO condition ranges from 0.673 to 1.351). This indicates that the flow time scale and chemical time scale are comparable. The combustion is in a critical state where LBO is easy to occur. With the increase of the fuel mass flow rate(the global fuel/air ratio increases from 0.004761 to 0.01095), s_f increases from 0.001268 s to 0.007249 s, and s_c decreases from 0.00124 s to0.00089 s. Accordingly, Da number increases from 1.023 to 8.145, which shows that the combustion becomes more stable. The above results show that the method proposed in the present study can properly predict the LBO limits of combustors, which provides important technical supports for combustor design and optimization.     

Experimental investigation of boundary layer transition over a delta wing at Mach number 6

An experimental study on the boundary layer transition over a delta wing was carried out at Mach number 6 in a quiet wind tunnel. The Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature-Sensitive Paints (TSP) techniques were used to measure the fine flow field structure and the wall Stanton number of the delta wing. The influence of factors such as the angle of attack and the Reynolds number was studied. The following results were obtained. The boundary layer transition between the leading edge and the centerline was dominated by the crossflow instability. At the location of the initial appearance of the traveling crossflow waves, the Stanton number began to rise. The Stanton number reached a maximum when the crossflow waves were broken up to turbulence. Increasing the angle of attack increased the spanwise pressure gradient at the windward side of the delta wing, thereby increasing the crossflow instability and advancing the boundary layer transition front. However, increasing the angle of attack caused the transition front to move backward at the leeward side. In addition, the sensitivity of the boundary layer transition to the Reynolds number varied with the angle of attack and the region.     

碱金属引射下的高超声速尾流的数值模拟

高超声速化学非平衡尾流的分析与计算是空气动力学中的一个重要课题。本文采用二阶精度的中心差隐格式，求解了抛物化的Ｎ－Ｓ方程，得到了高空２０ＫＭ及６０ＫＭ非平衡尾流的数值解，研究了碱金属引射对尾流电子密度的影响。计算结果表明引射碱金属对尾流电子密度影响明显，尾流电子密度因此增加了１～３个量级。文中化学反应模型采用十组元模型，组元包括Ｏ２、Ｎ２、Ｏ、Ｎ、ＮＯ、ＮＯ＋、Ｏ－２、Ｎａ、Ｎ＋ａ以及ｅ－。     

FL-7风洞M数的模糊控制方法

FL 7风洞是以三台航空发动机为动力的跨音速风洞 ,通过调节发动机转速、柔壁及旁路活门开度来实现对M数的控制。影响M数的因素较多 ,很难建立精确的数学模型 ,为了提高M数控制速度和精度 ,在新改造的FL 7风洞测控系统中 ,采用了模糊控制、自学习等控制策略 ,取得了良好的效果。笔者对控制方法和控制规则作了介绍。