Modified energy cascade model adapted for a multicrop Lunar greenhouse prototype

Models are required to accurately predict mass and energy balances in a bioregenerative life support system. A modified energy cascade model was used to predict outputs of a multi-crop (tomatoes, potatoes, lettuce and strawberries) Lunar greenhouse prototype. The model performance was evaluated against measured data obtained from several system closure experiments. The model predictions corresponded well to those obtained from experimental measurements for the overall system closure test period (five months), especially for biomass produced (0.7% underestimated), water consumption (0.3% overestimated) and condensate production (0.5% overestimated). However, the model was less accurate when the results were compared with data obtained from a shorter experimental time period, with 31%, 48% and 51% error for biomass uptake, water consumption, and condensate production, respectively, which were obtained under more complex crop production patterns (e.g. tall tomato plants covering part of the lettuce production zones). These results, together with a model sensitivity analysis highlighted the necessity of periodic characterization of the environmental parameters (e.g. light levels, air leakage) in the Lunar greenhouse.     

The South Pole-Aitken basin region,Moon: GIS-based geologic investigation using Kaguya elemental information

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we performed comparative analysis among stratigraphic information and the Kaguya (SELENE) GRS data of the ∼2500-km-diameter South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin and its surroundings. Results indicate that the surface rock materials (including ancient crater materials, mare basalts, and possible SPA impact melt) are average to slightly elevated in K and Th with respect to the rest of the Moon. Also, this study demonstrates that K and Th have not significantly changed since the formation of SPA. The elemental signatures of the impact basin of Fe, Ti, Si, O through time include evidence for resurfacing by ejecta materials and late-stage volcanism. The oldest surfaces of SPA are found to be oxygen-depleted during the heavy bombardment period relative to later stages of geologic development, followed by both an increase in silicon and oxygen, possibly due to ejecta sourced from outside of SPA, and subsequent modification due to mare basaltic volcanism, which increased iron and titanium within SPA. The influence of the distinct geologic history of SPA and surroundings on the mineralogic and elemental abundances is evident as shown in our investigation.     

Soybean cultivar selection for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs) – Hydroponic cultivation

Four soybean cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Cresir’, ‘Pr91m10’ and ‘Regir’), selected through a theoretical procedure as suitable for cultivation in BLSS, were evaluated in terms of growth and production. Germination percentage and Mean Germination Time (MGT) were measured. Plants were cultivated in a growth chamber equipped with a recirculating hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique). Cultivation was performed under controlled environmental conditions (12 h photoperiod, light intensity 350 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, temperature regime 26/20 °C light/dark, relative humidity 65–75%). Fertigation was performed with a standard Hoagland solution, modified for soybean specific requirements, and EC and pH were kept at 2.0 dS m⁻¹ and 5.5 respectively.     

微型定容多次燃油喷射系统高速响应特性仿真

针对小排量发动机转速范围大、工作循环喷油量小的特点,提出了一种微型定容多次燃油喷射系统结构,建立了系统电、磁、液、机耦合模型,仿真计算了从输入电压到喷射输出的动态响应特性,分析了影响系统高速特性的关键因素.结果表明:该喷射系统响应频率可达到1000Hz,响应时间可以满足小排量发动机最高转速要求,具备工程可实现性.      

气膜约束对轴系固有频率影响的试验

对10kg转子进行自由状态和有气膜约束两种状态下的试验模态分析,试验结果给出了转子平动、锥动和一阶弯曲时的固有频率及其振型等模态参数,分析了轴承供气压力变化对轴系固有频率的影响.进行了轴系升降速试验,结果表明:气膜约束下的模态分析结果比自由状态下的更接近于升降速试验的结果.试验结果为气体轴系固有频率的确定以及控制参数的选取提供了依据,也为下一步轴系振动控制奠定了基础.      

低速单级轴流压气机自引气扩稳实验

在一台低速单级轴流压气机上采用自引气-喷气方式进行了实验研究,实验中分析比较了不同的引气方式对压气机失速裕度改善(SMI)以及对压气机效率的影响,同时对不同自引气方式的扩稳机理进行了探讨.实验结果表明:自引气方式能够有效的改善压气机失速裕度,并且能够略微提高压气机效率.与传统的外部引气相比,节省了外部引气所需要的外部空气压缩系统;为自引气在实际压气机稳定性控制中的应用提供参考.      

辅助动力装置环形回流燃烧室数值研究

利用Fluent软件计算辅助动力装置(auxiliary power unit,简称APU)环形回流燃烧室三维两相喷雾燃烧流场,研究不同进口温度和油气比对两相喷雾燃烧流场的影响,采用标准 k-ε 模型模拟湍流黏性,离散相模型(DPM)追踪油珠运动轨迹,燃烧模型采用非预混平衡化学反应模型.计算结果表明:随着进口温度和油气比的增加,燃烧室出口温度相应增加,但温度分布规律基本保持不变;计算结果与试验测量结果比较吻合,说明采用的数学模型和计算方法可用于预估实际APU回流燃烧室三维两相喷雾燃烧流场.      

四参数疲劳定寿方法

对直升机传动系统采用的一种疲劳定寿方法——四参数法进行了研究:首先介绍了四参数应力-循环(S-N)曲线,然后详细介绍了通过材料平均 S-N 曲线获取构件安全 S-N 曲线的步骤以及直升机传动系统四参数疲劳定寿的程序和方法,研究了定寿流程中的各个技术细节.同时介绍了传动系统机匣疲劳试验中的多路协调加载技术以及某传动系统尾减机匣(TGB)的全尺寸疲劳试验情况.最后采用四参数疲劳定寿方法,根据某传动系统尾减机匣全尺寸疲劳试验结果和飞行实测载荷谱,对尾减机匣进行了安全寿命评估.该实例分析表明:四参数疲劳定寿方法为一种有效、可靠的寿命评估方法,具有推广价值.      

非对称喷管超声速流场的PIV实验与数值模拟

选取了跟随性能以及散射性能都上佳的二氧化钛粒子,利用了粒子图像测速仪(particle image velocimetry,PIV)对不同落压比下的非对称喷管(single expansion ramp nozzle,SERN)流场进行了测量,成功获取了相应流动结构,以及沿程上壁面压力分布和速度场等.在测得的图像中,可以清晰地观察到由于过膨胀产生的激波与膨胀波系,并进一步获得出口速度分布.运用计算流体动力学数值模拟方法,对实验状态下的非对称喷管进行了模拟.对比结果发现:PIV实验测得流场结构能很好地与其吻合,这互相验证了CFD计算和PIV实验的正确性及可靠性.      

SPH方法对气液两相流自由界面运动的追踪模拟

气液两相流动是自然界中常见的流动现象,对其进行数值模拟时要求必须能够准确跟踪界面运动变形。本文利用光滑粒子流体动力学方法,结合微可压缩模型(SCM),引入界面控制方法XSPH速度修正以及Van Derwaals状态方程修正,对典型的气液两相流动如二维溃坝、气泡上浮等问题进行了数值模拟,分析了空气和水相互作用机理以及界面运动规律,并同实验结果和其他数值计算结果进行了比较。结果表明,该方法在模拟多相介质界面运动问题准确有效,可用于处理更为复杂的多相流动工程问题。