基于实验数据同化的湍流模型常数标定:含滤网蒸汽阀门通流特性数值预测

为准确预测含滤网蒸汽调节阀通流特性,采用集合卡尔曼滤波算法,通过拉丁超立方抽样生成湍流模型常数的样本库并获得对应流场计算结果,融合部分开度下的阀门蒸汽流动压比-流量实验数据,对k-ωSST湍流模型的常数进行了重新标定。针对独立实验测量所得的流量数据,对比分析计算结果表明:重新标定的模型常数可以有效提高通流特性预测模型的精度,适用于相近开度、不同压比的蒸汽流动工况计算,而对开度相差较大的情形,流量预测误差则较高;不同开度下的阀内流态和涡黏度在模型常数调整前后存在明显差异。本文通过修正模型常数以优化不同工况下涡黏度的分布,从而显著降低阀门通流特性预测误差,这一研究方法对于相关工程设计有很好的借鉴意义。     

Investigation on surface integrity of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V by precision grinding and electropolishing

Electron beam melting (EBM), as an excellent Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, enables the printing of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy for a wide range of applications such as aerospace and biomechanical industries. It improves functionality and integrity of components and negates complexities in assembly processes. However, due to the poor surface and sub-surface integrity represented by the rough surface finish and low dimensional accuracy, achieving a favorable surface condition is quite challenging. Therefore, post processing becomes essential for these electron beam melted (EBM-ed) Ti-6Al-4 V alloys. Being the most common technique to improve such parts, milling of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy is very challenging and resulting tool wear issues, due to its unique material properties. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the surface integrity of EBM-ed Ti-6Al-4 V parts processed by precision grinding and electropolishing, aiming to qualitatively and quantitatively clarify the interrelation between process parameters and processed surface quality. The surface and subsurface characteristics such as profile accuracy, surface roughness, microstructure, defective layer and residual stress before and after post processing were compared and evaluated. The results show that by precision grinding, the profile accuracy was improved from over 300 µm PV to 7 µm PV, while surface roughness (R_a) was reduced from 30 µm to about 2 µm. The layer with partially melt particles was removed, but introduced a deformed subsurface layer with more residual stress. Then by applying electropolishing, the residual stress was released and the deformed layer was removed. In addition, R_a was further reduced to 0.65 µm. The research can serve as a reference for the integration of post machining processes with AM.     

改性热固性酚醛树脂热熔胶膜成膜工艺及其性能

针对低成本且环保的热熔预浸工艺,研制一种满足热熔工艺成膜性和高耐热性要求的改性热固性酚醛树脂(MPF)胶膜。采用流变仪和差示扫描量热仪,对MPF的固化反应特性和凝胶特性进行分析,利用粘度预测函数,建立粘度-温度-时间的函数关系模型,预测胶膜树脂的低粘度平台,可指导热熔MPF胶膜的制备及成膜性能研究。为保证树脂充分浸渍纤维,热熔预浸工艺树脂浸润纤维预制体的温度应在95~135℃(粘度小于1 000 mPa·s)。热熔法MPF胶膜的成膜温度在75~95℃(粘度范围在1 000~3 000 mPa·s),75℃条件下,MPF低粘度保持时间可达到120 min。固化后的MPF在1 200℃的氮气气氛中,残炭率可达到65%。此类新型热熔法MPF可为其在高性能树脂基复合材料领域的应用提供参考。     

一种新型水溶性增粘剂的研究

本文介绍了一种新型的水溶性增粘剂－－聚丙烯腈钠盐，对这种增粘剂在不同浓度和温度下的粘度变化情况进行了研究，添加量在20wt%左右时基本能达到水基润滑液的粘度要求，粘度指数VI＝400，在泵－喷嘴剪切试验装置上进行剪切试验，一段时间后，溶液粘度下降很慢，完成了充分剪切，剪切安定性好。     

湍流边界层各向异性张量模式的实验研究

使用高时间分辨率粒子图像测速技术在水槽内精细测量平板湍流边界层内不同流向、法向位置的瞬时速度矢量空间场的时间序列信号。利用实验数据对湍流各向异性的涡黏张量模式进行了实验研究,给出了湍流边界层不可压缩槽道湍流中各向异性的涡黏张量各分量的空间分布规律。各向异性的涡黏张量分量的空间分布揭示了流向平均速度的法向梯度对雷诺应力三个分量的不同贡献。涡黏张量三个分量空间上的不同规律说明对涡黏张量的各向异性的考虑是合理的,而各向同性的涡黏模型不适宜描述剪切湍流雷诺应力的物理本质。     

A study on turbulence transportation and modification of Spalart–Allmaras model for shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow

It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of turbulence models in shock-wave/ boundary layer interaction flow. The relationship between the pressure gradient, as well as the shear layer, and the development of turbulent kinetic energy in impinging shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow at Mach 2.25 is analyzed based on the data of direct numerical simulation(DNS). It is found that the turbulent kinetic energy is amplified by strong shear in the separation zone and the adverse pressure gradient near the separation point. The pressure gradient was non-dimensionalised with local density, velocity, and viscosity. Spalart–Allmaras(S–A) model is modified by introducing the non-dimensional pressure gradient into the production term of the eddy viscosity transportation equation. Simulation results show that the production and dissipation of eddy viscosity are strongly enhanced by the modification of S–A model. Compared with DNS and experimental data, the wall pressure and the wall skin friction coefficient as well as the velocity profile of the modified S–A model are obviously improved. Thus it can be concluded that the modification of S–A model with the pressure gradient can improve the predictive accuracy for simulating the shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction.     

动量矩方程的剪切积分解析表示式

本文采用两层涡粘性模型和速度剖面的指数律,导出了可压缩动量矩方程的剪切积分解析表示式,从而大大简化了边界层计算。和其它理论结果相比,本结果更接近于实验数据。     

凝胶推进剂直圆管中剪切速率与表观粘性实验研究

分析了直圆管中凝胶推进剂剪切速率和表观粘性与相关参数的关系,研究了直圆管中凝胶推进剂剪切速率和表观粘性的实验研究方法,利用物料管路测试系统进行了某型凝胶推进剂直圆管剪切速率与表观粘性实验研究。结果表明:管路实验可以得到较大范围内凝胶推进剂剪切速率与表观粘性关系;而且当剪切速率在104量级时表观粘度随剪切速率的增加基本不再变化。     

用非线性涡粘性模式计算三维湍流边界层

针对非线性涡粘性模式在求解三维湍流边界层流动时的不足，本文从压力－变形率关联项中的快速项出发，考虑流动非均匀影响，在显式代数应力模式的雷诺应力表达式中引入了反映雷诺应力“松驰”效应的速度二阶导数项，构造了一个新的非线性涡粘性模式。通过对典型算例－翼体角隔流动的计算结果表明，新模式能较好地再现出三维湍流边界层内雷诺切应力方向的发展滞后于速度梯度方向发展这一流动特性。     

液体转动惯量综述

根据近几年国外有关液体转动惯量的专题报道 ,对国内外航空重量工程界一直关注的液体转动惯量方面的一些问题进行了综述 ,并提出了一些工程上可供参考的意见。