热流限制下的最优气动力辅助变轨

以变轨能量消耗最小为优化目标，应用极大值原理研究了飞行过程受热流限制和升力系统约束下的气动力辅助共面变轨问题，飞行过程成分第一自由弧段，约束弧段，第二自由弧段三个部分，讨论了升力系数的最优表达式，分析了飞行过程中两种约束的相互作用，给出了约束弧起始位置的角点条件和终端的横截条件下，对不同的初值选取方法讨论了三种计算策略，并给出了数值算例。     

粗糙条件熵算法在故障诊断中应用分析

给出了一种基于条件熵的算法,并应用于弹载电子设备故障诊断中。结果表明,诊断结果准确可靠,且弥补了差别矩阵算法和差别函数算法的不足。     

协同翻译环境下辅助译文生成技术研究

在协同翻译过程中，辅助译文的质量是影响协同翻译效率的重要因素，而现有辅助译文生成方法并没有考虑用户对辅助译文的个性化需求。由此，提出了通过建立用户模型来提高辅助译文质量的研究思路，根据翻译知识库与用户知识库的相对熵的大小来决策为用户提供哪个模板。实验表明：在使用用户模型后，协同翻译的效率有了明显的提高。     

Study of maximum electron density NmF2 at Karachi and Islamabad during solar minimum (1996) and solar maximum (2000) and its comparison with IRI

The monthly hourly medians of maximum electron density, N_mF₂, at two Pakistani ionospheric stations, Karachi and Islamabad, have been determined for solar minimum (1996) and solar maximum (2000) and compared with IRI predictions using the URSI coefficients. At night and pre-noon period the N_mF₂ values at both stations are almost equal during the 2 years. However, at post-noon the values at Karachi are considerably larger than those at Islamabad due to the equatorial or geomagnetic anomaly. Karachi (geomag. coord. 16.44°N, 139.08°E) lies near the region of the equatorial anomaly (+20 and −20 geomagnetic latitude), so most of the N_mF₂ values at Karachi are larger than those at Islamabad (geomag. coord. 24.46°N, 145.67°E). The maximum monthly values of N_mF₂ show a semi-annual variation at Karachi and Islamabad both during 1996 and 2000 as predicted by IRI.     

化学反应过程方式的判据及反应方向的判据

本文对化学反应过程的方式及方向判据问题进行了简要分析,并指出用△G~Q代替△G判断化学反应过程的粗略界限。     

热力学中最小熵增原理在流体力学中的应用

本文运用非平衡态热力学中最小熵增原理,分析了层流和湍流流动在接近热力学平衡定态时的特性。特别是在湍流流动中,舍弃了以往一些经验性的假设,指出流动处于局部机械平衡时可由最小熵增原理导出速度和温度分布。反之亦揭示了充分发展的湍流遵循最小熵增原理的这一机理。     

Characterization of ionospheric amplitude scintillations using wavelet entropy detrended GNSS data

The extensive monitoring networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric scintillation have been established to continuously log observation data. Further, the amplitude scintillation index and the phase scintillation index, which are derived from scintillation observations, are anticipated to accommodate the accuracy requirement of both the user level and the monitoring station level. However, raw scintillation observations essentially measure superposed waveform impairments of GNSS signals propagating through ionosphere and troposphere. It implies that fluctuations of raw scintillation observations are caused by multiple factors from the entire radio propagation environment. Hence, it is crucial to characterize ionospheric scintillations from GNSS observation data. And the characterization is implemented through extracting fluctuations of raw observations merely induced by ionospheric scintillations. Designed to address this problem by means of Fourier filtering detrending, the present work investigates the influence of varying detrending cutoff frequencies on wavelet statistical energy and wavelet entropy distributions of scintillation data. It consequently derives criteria on the optimum detrending cutoff frequency for three types of raw amplitude scintillation data, which are classified by their wavelet energy distributions. Results of the present work verify that detrending with specific optimum cutoff frequencies rather than the fixed and universally applicable one renders the validity and credibility of characterizing ionospheric scintillations as the part of GNSS observation fluctuations purely induced by ionosphere electron density irregularities whose scale sizes are comparable with or smaller than the Fresnel scale.     

Passive localization by a single moving observer using TOA only with unknown SRI: Observability analysis and algorithm

Passive localization by a single moving observer using Time of Arrival (TOA) only with an unknown Signal Repetition Interval (SRI) is investigated in this paper. Observability analysis is performed first. The observability condition for uniquely determining the emitter position and SRI is derived. The conditional Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is also analyzed. It is found that the ambiguity of the SRI integer of the first TOA does not affect the theoretical estimation precision of the emitter position and SRI. A Reference-Fixed Differential TOA (RFDTOA)-based Iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimator (IMLE) is proposed, which only needs O(M) computational operations. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the Mean Square Error (MSE) of the proposed algorithm could attain the CRLB with moderate Gaussian measurement noise.     

基于叶端定时的转子叶片动应变重构不确定性量化

基于叶片非接触式动应变重构理论,开展动应变重构不确定性量化方法研究。基于方差合成定理建立重构叶片动应变不确定性量化分析模型;以模拟转子叶片为研究对象,开展旋转叶片叶端定时试验,利用周向傅里叶算法获取不同叶端定时传感器布局下的测点振幅,通过最大熵方法拟合振幅分布概率密度函数,确定叶端定时测振的不确定性参数;结合Kriging代理模型和试验共振频率数据对叶片有限元模型进行修正,获取关键测点位移-应变转换因子,并获取考虑共振转速以及测点位置不确定性的转换因子不确定性参数;获取重构动应变的均值、标准不确定度和包含区间,与应变片测量数据作对比。结果表明,除5号叶片A测点外,测量动应变均位于重构动应变的95%置信度下的包含区间内,且所有叶片的应变片测点动应变重构误差不超过15%。     

系统可靠性评定的熵（法）近似限

将近代Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ信息论的信息概念广义化,利用信息量的“可加性”特性和离散变量熵的一般表达式,并与可靠性工程理论相结合,推导了由成败型或指数型单元所组成的串、并联系统可靠性评定用的熵（法）近似下限计算公式。应用本文公式所得出的评定结果总是介于经典和贝叶斯（法）近似下限之间,既不偏于保守,又不过分冒进,相当令人满意