表面织构加工方法的研究

总结了激光加工、电解加工、电火花加工、化学刻蚀、光刻蚀以及超声振动辅助加工技术等方法；分析了表面织构形状对材料表面性能的影响；论述了表面织构几何参数对润滑性、摩擦学特性和疏水性等材料表面性能的影响。得出了合适的表面织构形状、面积率、深径比等表面织构设计参数可有效改善机械零部件表面性能的结论；发现了为获得理想表面性能，不仅需要考虑织构形状和几何参数，还需考虑工况条件、工件材料性质以及加工技术带来的影响。最后对关于表面织构加工技术所存在的问题进行了总结，并对如何提高表面织构技术对材料性能的影响进行展望。     

航天器材料应用验证信息提取与研判方法

当前航天器材料应用验证工作中必须解决的问题主要集中反映在验证需求的合理性、驱动性，验证对象的信息准确性、功能覆盖性以及验证结果判读决策性和可复用性。为了更好地解决这些问题，本文利用德尔菲调查、头脑风暴、文本挖掘、环境扫描、情景规划、回溯预测、趋势外推、多准则决策等科学研究方法，设计了验证对象研判、需求&技术研判、难度&风险研判、验证路径研判、数据&结果研判等模型，建立了系统性、原则性的信息提取与研判的要求和流程。通过材料应用验证信息提取与研判方法的制定，可有效保障验证实施精准性，提升验证工作质量。     

2219铝合金拉拔式摩擦塞焊数值模拟

基于有限元（FEM）基础理论，建立了拉拔式摩擦塞焊（FPPW）二维轴对称热-力耦合模型，对FPPW焊接过程中的焊接温度场、塑性流动进行数值模拟。研究结果表明，因界面处摩擦热向外部环境散失，焊接初始阶段的界面温升速率高于准稳态阶段。试板侧温度梯度高于塞棒侧，热量易在塞棒侧进行集中；材料强度和变形抗力随温度和应变上升而下降，试板上壁面优先形成摩擦界面并先于下壁面出现塑性金属流动形成飞边，下壁面材料待充分软化后方才出现塑性金属流动；FPPW焊接过程达到准稳态阶段后，焊接界面处应力状态呈中心压应力、两侧拉应力分布，拉应力驱动了上、下壁面处焊接飞边的成形。模拟结果与实际结果一致。     

多层结构设计在吸波材料中的应用

简述了多层结构吸波材料设计的理论模型、设计原则及优化设计方法,从吸收剂材料的电磁特性方面总结了多层结构吸波材料的特点,详细论述了多层结构设计对吸波材料性能的影响,最后提出了多层吸波材料的技术难点和发展趋势。     

Hardware qualification for scientific ballooning missions

The European Stratospheric Balloon Observatory (ESBO) initiative aims at simplifying the access to stratospheric balloon missions. We plan to provide platforms and support with instrument design in order to support scientists. During the design process, the inevitable question of qualification for the harsh flight conditions arises. Unfortunately, there is no existing standard for qualification of stratospheric ballooning hardware. Thus, we developed a qualification procedure for use within ESBO and similar projects.In this paper, we present our analysis of the environmental conditions in the stratosphere. While conditions at typical balloon float altitudes are similar to the space environment, there are also some relevant differences. For example, the thermal environment is dominated by radiation and thermal conduction, but the remaining atmosphere still supports a certain amount of convection. The remaining atmospheric pressure in the stratosphere also leads to reduced arcing distances. Vibrational loads are far less than for space missions, but quasi-static or shock loads may occur. The criticality of radiation increases with mission duration.Based on the environmental conditions, we present the qualification procedures for ESBO, which are based on the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) standards for space systems. Overtesting against too high requirements leads to overengineering, driving mission cost and mitigating the advantages of balloons over space missions. Therefore, we modified the ECSS standards to fit typical scientific ballooning missions over several days at altitudes up to 40 km. Furthermore, we analyzed design rules for space systems with regard to their relevance for scientific ballooning, including material and component selection. We present the experience from the hardware qualification process for the ESBO prototype STUDIO (Stratospheric UV Demonstrator of an Imaging Observatory). Even though boundary conditions are different for each individual mission, we aimed for a broader approach: We investigated more general requirements for scientific ballooning missions to support future flights.     

Collaborative manufacturing technologies of structure shape and surface integrity for complex thin-walled components of aero-engine: Status,challenge and tendency

Presently, the service performance of new-generation high-tech equipment is directly affected by the manufacturing quality of complex thin-walled components. A high-efficiency and quality manufacturing of these complex thin-walled components creates a bottleneck that needs to be solved urgently in machinery manufacturing. To address this problem, the collaborative manufacturing of structure shape and surface integrity has emerged as a new process that can shorten processing cycles, improve machining qualities, and reduce costs. This paper summarises the research status on the material removal mechanism, precision control of structure shape, machined surface integrity control and intelligent process control technology of complex thin-walled components. Numerous solutions and technical approaches are then put forward to solve the critical problems in the high-performance manufacturing of complex thin-wall components. The development status, challenge and tendency of collaborative manufacturing technologies in the high-efficiency and quality manufacturing of complex thin-wall components is also discussed.     

各向异性陶瓷基复合材料涡轮叶片概率性热分析方法

考虑陶瓷基复合材料等纤维增韧复合材料导热系数的各向异性及分散性，建立了基于概率统计的陶瓷基复合材料涡轮叶片热分析方法。研究中以Mark Ⅱ涡轮叶片冷却结构为例，综合利用有限元方法和蒙特卡洛方法，分析了应用陶瓷基复合材料后的温度场均值和波动特性。计算中将导热系数作为随机输入参数，分析了导热系数各向异性及其分散度对叶片前缘滞止点温度、尾缘温度以及高温区域（T>900K）面积的影响。计算中发现在本文的计算工况下,考虑导热系数存在正态波动情况时，叶片前缘滞止点、尾缘温度波动也满足正态分布。前缘滞止点温度在导热系数变异系数为01,导热系数比为2时其温度波动最大，相比12731K的均温，有16%的概率超温913K。尾缘温度在导热系数变异系数为01，导热系数比为10时波动最大，有16%的概率超过均值11529K达527K。计算结果表明:导热系数分散度所带来的波动，会导致叶片内部高温关注区域（T>900K）的面积增大，并且高温关注区域相对增加量ΔShot随导热系数变异系数α的增加而增加。计算结果表明，高温关注区域相对增加量最大发生在导热系数比为2，变异系数为0.1时，此时ΔShot=4.8%。      

Macro-phenomenological high-strain-rate elastic fracture model for ice-impact simulations

The ice impact can cause a severe damage to an aircraft’s exposed structure, thus, requiring its prevention. The numerical simulation represents an effective method to overcome this challenge. The establishment of the ice material model is critical. However, ice is not a common structural material and exhibits an extremely complex material behavior. The material models of ice reported so far are not able to accurately simulate the ice behavior at high strain rates. This study proposes a novel high-precision macro-phenomenological elastic fracture model based on the brittle behavior of ice at high strain rates. The developed model has been compared with five reported models by using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method so as to simulate the ice-impact process with respect to the impact speeds and ice shapes. The important metrics and phenomena (impact force history, deformation and fragmentation of the ice projectile and deflection of the target) were compared with the experimental data reported in the literature. The findings obtained from the developed model are observed to be most consistent with the experimental data, which demonstrates that the model represents the basic physics and phenomena governing the ice impact at high strain rates. The developed model includes a relatively fewer number of material parameters. Further, the used parameters have a clear physical meaning and can be directly obtained through experiments. Moreover, no adjustment of any material parameter is needed, and the consumption duration is also acceptable. These advantages indicate that the developed model is suitable for simulating the ice-impact process and can be applied for the anti-ice impact design in aviation.     

Optimum alternate material selection methodology for an aircraft skin

Weight penalty has been a challenge for design engineers of aerospace vehicles. Today’s high-efficiency combat aircraft undergoes intense stress and strain during flying missions, which require stronger and stiffer materials to retain structural integrity. Though metallic materials have been successfully used for the construction of aircraft structures and components, metals still have a low strength-to-weight ratio. This paper aims to develop an alternate optimised material selection methodolog...