供应链变迁与航空货运经营模式的转变

通过对供应链理论的演变过程、渠道理论及目前中国航空货运经营模式的分析,认为中国航空货运已经具备了采用多种经营模式的能力,并且应当进行经营模式的转变;在采用多种模式时,首先要处理好渠道冲突和合作问题。     

飞翼布局运输机气动设计方法研究

由于飞翼布局的运输机具有结构强度、气动效率、总体装载以及RCS隐身等方面的优良特性,它成为未来大型运输机的气动布局方案中最引人关注的一种布局形式.以0.85马赫为巡航设计点,设计了一架起飞总重在250吨左右,最大载重量在50吨,最大航程在8000公里以上的飞翼布局运输机.通过采用Euler方程数值解法进行气动特性评估,在初始设计方案的基础上进行进一步的改进设计,有效地提高了初始方案的升阻特性和力矩特性.最终设计结果表明提出的设计思路具有一定的可行性和适用性.     

The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) Investigation

The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) investigation will determine the mass composition and number densities of neutral species and low-energy ions in key regions of the Saturn system. The primary focus of the INMS investigation is on the composition and structure of Titan’s upper atmosphere and its interaction with Saturn’s magnetospheric plasma. Of particular interest is the high-altitude region, between 900 and 1000 km, where the methane and nitrogen photochemistry is initiated that leads to the creation of complex hydrocarbons and nitriles that may eventually precipitate onto the moon’s surface to form hydrocarbon–nitrile lakes or oceans. The investigation is also focused on the neutral and plasma environments of Saturn’s ring system and icy moons and on the identification of positive ions and neutral species in Saturn’s inner magnetosphere. Measurement of material sputtered from the satellites and the rings by magnetospheric charged particle and micrometeorite bombardment is expected to provide information about the formation of the giant neutral cloud of water molecules and water products that surrounds Saturn out to a distance of ∼12 planetary radii and about the genesis and evolution of the rings.The INMS instrument consists of a closed ion source and an open ion source, various focusing lenses, an electrostatic quadrupole switching lens, a radio frequency quadrupole mass analyzer, two secondary electron multiplier detectors, and the associated supporting electronics and power supply systems. The INMS will be operated in three different modes: a closed source neutral mode, for the measurement of non-reactive neutrals such as N₂ and CH₄; an open source neutral mode, for reactive neutrals such as atomic nitrogen; and an open source ion mode, for positive ions with energies less than 100 eV. Instrument sensitivity is greatest in the first mode, because the ram pressure of the inflowing gas can be used to enhance the density of the sampled non-reactive neutrals in the closed source antechamber. In this mode, neutral species with concentrations on the order of ≥10⁴ cm⁻³ will be detected (compared with ≥10⁵ cm⁻³ in the open source neutral mode). For ions the detection threshold is on the order of 10⁻² cm⁻³ at Titan relative velocity (6 km sec⁻¹). The INMS instrument has a mass range of 1–99 Daltons and a mass resolutionM/ΔM of 100 at 10% of the mass peak height, which will allow detection of heavier hydrocarbon species and of possible cyclic hydrocarbons such as C₆H₆.The INMS instrument was built by a team of engineers and scientists working at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (Planetary Atmospheres Laboratory) and the University of Michigan (Space Physics Research Laboratory). INMS development and fabrication were directed by Dr. Hasso B. Niemann (Goddard Space Flight Center). The instrument is operated by a Science Team, which is also responsible for data analysis and distribution. The INMS Science Team is led by Dr. J. Hunter Waite, Jr. (University of Michigan).This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

超音速运输机的技术发展前景

概要介绍了第一代超音速运输机的发展情况，阐述了新一代超音速运输机的有关技术，包括主要设计参数、气动布局设计、结构设计与材料、动力装置及经济性等方面，展望了未来超音速运输机的发展前景。     

吸气式发动机试验中空气流量的计算

为降低吸气式发动机试验中空气流量测量的计算误差，分析三种常用的测量空气流量计算方法的基础上，提出了可压流温比修正算法和无方法误差的程序计算法，分析了各种方法的适用范围和方法误差。同时，提出了空气湿度、直接加热污染和管壁受热等对物性参数和管径的修正方法。结果表明，程序计算法没有误差，在高超声速飞行的模拟试验中尤为适用；可压流温比修正法可以在工程上代替程序计算法，在广阔的压比和来流总温条件下，其方法误差可以忽略。     

直接式涡轮质量流量计的数学模型

提出了直接式涡轮质量流量计的概念,应用流体力学的二元边界层理论和二元叶栅理论建立了质量流量传感器的数学模型,并计算了涡轮轴向力的大小。计算表明,涡轮转子所受轴向力的大小与涡轮动量ρQ^2成正比。所提供的结论为研制这一类质量流量计提供了理论依据,也为设计轴向测力传感器提供了数据。     

一次砝码国际比对

介绍了中国航空长城计量测试研究所质量校准实验室参加亚太地区国际实验室之间砝码比对的情况,给出了测量结果的不确定度分析。     

智能交通系统中路况信息的编码

 根据提出的一种交通量生成模型所产生的仿真数据,对城市交通中路况信息数据流的信源编码进行了研究. 压缩数据的方法是对初始信源等效变换,使变换后等效信源的概率分布比原信源更加有序,熵值更小,从而压缩率更高. 传输时还要对等效信源使用霍夫曼(Huffman)算法编出即时可译码,使该变长码的平均码长接近熵值. 给出的编码方案可用于智能交通系统(ITS)的车辆导航中对路况信息的传输.     

基于迭加趋势的航线季节客运需求分析方法

针对航线季节客运需求的特点,提出了基于迭加趋势的航线季节客运需求分析方法,其基本思想是:根据航线季节客运量历史数据,构建航线季节客运量趋势变动模型,通过OLS方法估计直线趋势方程参数,进一步考虑季节变化对客运需求的影响,建立航线季节客运需求分析模型。仿真结果表明该方法可行且结果具有较高的精度,可作为分析航线季节客运需求的有效工具。     

Dynamics of air transport networks: A review from a complex systems perspective

Air transport systems are highly dynamic at temporal scales from minutes to years. This dynamic behavior not only characterizes the evolution of the system but also affect the system's functioning. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms is thus fundamental in order to better design optimal air transport networks that benefits companies, passengers and the environment. In this review, we briefly present and discuss the state-of-the-art on time-evolving air transport net-works. We distinguish the structural analysis of sequences of network snapshots, ideal for long-term network evolution (e.g. annual evolution), and temporal paths, preferred for short-term dynamics (e.g. hourly evolution). We emphasize that most previous research focused on the first modeling approach (i.e. long-term) whereas only a few studies look at high-resolution temporal paths. We conclude the review highlighting that much research remains to be done, both to apply already available methods and to develop new measures for temporal paths on air transport networks. In particular, we identify that the study of delays, network resilience and optimization of resources (aircraft and crew) are critical topics.