涡轮叶片尾缘通道中纵向肋对换热特性的影响

采用冷凝水蒸汽的实验方法,测量三种不同类型纵向肋对叶片尾缘通道的换热影响.系统的研究了孔径为2.6mm的带孔平肋,波峰孔径为3mm、波谷孔径为2.2mm的波浪肋,和不带孔平肋之间的换热和流阻比较,实验结果表明:当Re<20000时,波浪肋的换热优于带孔平肋,当Re>50000时,波浪肋换热不及不带孔平肋.且波浪肋流阻远低于不带孔平肋和带孔平肋.      

缩扩孔对孔板气膜冷却效果的数值研究

从加强气膜孔内的换热量和孔板热侧的气膜覆盖两个角度来提高气膜孔壁的冷却效果,通过对气膜孔孔型的改进,提出了缩扩型气膜孔型结构,数值计算结果表明收缩进气可以强化孔内的对流换热;而扩张出气则可以使冷气出口的速度降低,气膜覆盖面更广,提高气膜的覆盖效果.与扩张孔相比,所提出的缩扩型孔在较低的吹风比下有利于改善冷却效果,而在大吹风比下则对冷却不利;然而与普通圆柱型孔相比,缩扩型孔在任何吹风比下均能改善冷却效果.      

孔间距和前倾角对进出口扩张形气膜孔流量系数的影响(英文)

Discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole of three inclination angles and three spacing between holes are presented which described the discharge behavior of a row of holes. The inlet and outlet of the 3-in-1 hole both have a 15° lateral expansion. The flow conditions considered are mainstream turbulence intensities and density ratios of secondary flow to mainstream. The momentum flux ratios varied in the range from 1 to 4. The comparison is made of the discharge coefficients of three shaped holes to find an optimal hole with low flow loss. The results show that the discharge coefficients of 3-in- 1 hole are highest in three shaped holes and therefore this article is focused on the measurements of discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole for various geometries and aerodynamic parameters. The measured results of 3-in-1 hole indicate that turbulence intensities, density ratios and momentum flux ratios have weak influence on discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 20°. The high turbulence intensity yields the small discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased both momentum flux ratios and density ratios lead to the increased discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased inclination angle causes the rapidly increased discharge coefficients. There is a weak dependence of discharge coefficients on hole pitches.     

气膜孔布局对前缘气膜冷却效率影响的实验

针对叶片前缘结构的特点,建立了前缘气膜冷却实验台,实验模型由半圆柱面和两个平板组成,在距离滞止线2倍气膜孔直径距离位置布置了1排气膜孔。主流在前缘的湍流度为8%,二次流和主流密度比为1.5,动量比变化范围为0.5~4,分析了在不同动量比下气膜孔间距和径向角变化对径向平均气膜冷却效率的影响。径向角分别为0,°45,°65,°孔间距与孔径的比分别为2,3,4。研究结果表明,随着孔间距的增加,径向平均冷却效率逐渐降低。径向角对径向平均冷却效率的影响非常复杂。     

Lower ionosphere response to external forcing: A brief review

There are two ways of external forcing of the lower ionosphere, the region below an altitude of about 100 km: (1) From above, which is directly or indirectly of solar origin. (2) From below, which is directly or indirectly of atmospheric origin. The external forcing of solar origin consists of two general factors – solar ionizing radiation variability and space weather. The solar ionization variability consist mainly from the 11-year solar cycle, the 27-day solar rotation and solar flares, strong flares being very important phenomenon in the daytime lower ionosphere due to the enormous increase of the solar X-ray flux resulting in temporal terminating of MF and partly LF and HF radio wave propagation due to heavy absorption of radio waves. Monitoring of the sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs – effects of solar flares in the lower ionosphere) served in the past as an important tool of monitoring the solar activity and its impacts on the ionosphere. Space weather effects on the lower ionosphere consist of many different but often inter-related phenomena, which govern the lower ionosphere variability at high latitudes, particularly at night. The most important space weather phenomenon for the lower ionosphere is strong geomagnetic storms, which affect substantially both the high- and mid-latitude lower ionosphere. As for forcing from below, it is caused mainly by waves in the neutral atmosphere, i.e. planetary, tidal, gravity and infrasonic waves. The most important and most studied waves are planetary and gravity waves. Another channel of the troposphere coupling to the lower ionosphere is through lightning-related processes leading to sprites, blue jets etc. and their ionospheric counterparts. These phenomena occur on very short time scales. The external forcing of the lower ionosphere has observationally been studied using predominantly ground-based methods exploiting in various ways the radio wave propagation, and by sporadic rocket soundings. All the above phenomena are briefly mentioned and some of them are treated in more detail.     

分布参数为模糊变量的结构体系模糊可靠性分析方法及应用

 随机模型的分布参数是由随机试验结果进行统计推断而得出的,往往难以准确预知,将其描述为模糊变量是可行的。将模糊数学理论与可靠性分析相结合,对分布参数为模糊变量的结构体系模糊可靠性进行了分析,具体推导了两种失效模式间的模糊相关系数和二阶联合模糊失效概率的求解公式,求出了失效模式间不相关和相关两种情况下,结构体系模糊失效概率在各λ水平截集下的区间解,估算出了结构体系的模糊失效概率,并对加筋板结构的模糊可靠性进行了分析。通过算例表明该方法更符合工程实际,是有效可行的。     

机身复合材料加筋板壳的稳定性及强度分析系统

随着先进复合材料在飞机主承力结构（如机身结构）中的大量应用,工程上迫切需要大型复合材料加筋板壳的快速建模打样计算、稳定性（刚度）和强度分析的理论和程序支持。基于稳定性理论,并综合复合材料任意加筋板壳有限单元和复合材料层合板壳失效理论等方面的成果,开发了一个机身复合材料加筋板壳结构的稳定性及强度分析程序(CSSAP)。该程序系统不仅可以进行复合材料（加筋）板壳的线性稳定性和强度分析,还可进行非线性稳定性和强度分析;可对较粗的网格划分,得到临界屈曲应变和后屈曲时的应力。通过一些算例与文献结果的对比,表明本程序系统能够满足工程上的精度要求。并且,通过对实际机身一个典型复合材料加筋板壳的计算,表明本程序系统也可用于飞机工程复杂结构的分析。     

基于瞬态液晶测量技术的收缩-扩张形孔

采用一种进行全表面测量的瞬态液晶测量技术测量了新型气膜孔(收缩-扩张形孔)的气膜冷却特性,研究了动量比对冷却效率和换热系数的影响,并与传统的圆柱形孔气膜冷却特性进行了对比,结果表明:收缩-扩张形孔中心线附近区域的冷却效率相对较低,而两孔之间区域的冷却效率相对较高,与圆形孔分布规律相反;在上游区域,两孔中间区域的换热系数比相对孔中心线附近区域较高,而在下游区域,两孔中间区域的换热系数比相对孔中心线附近又较低,与圆形孔相比也有较大不同。相对于圆柱形孔,收缩缝形孔的平均换热系数比在上游较高,在下游较低;收缩-扩张形孔喷出气膜对下游壁面区域的有效覆盖率远大于圆柱形孔,其展向平均冷却效率明显高于圆柱形孔;收缩-扩张形孔在动量比为2时的平均冷却效率最高。     

一种梁板复合结构的设计

对某卫星主结构中应用的一种新型的复合材料结构形式——梁板复合结构进行了设计、分析与试验。首先通过整星分析,设计了梁板复合结构,并为其设计了试验件进行研制试验。同时,利用有限元软件PATRAN和NASTRAN建立了三种模型:二维板壳模型、三维板壳模型和三维实体模型,通过比较试验结果与分析结果,修正了分析模型,并找出了合理的分析方法。试验结果表明,设计的梁板复合结构满足了既定的强度要求。     

Calculation of an unsteady jet flow around the plate cascade

In the framework of the general theory for unsteady weakly disturbed fluid flows with free boundaries, a problem is solved to calculate a jet flow around the cascade of plates executing the harmonic oscillations. We developed a program that enables us for the first time to carry out systematic calculations of flow characteristics depending on arbitrary values of determining parameters.