地面力学在火星壤力学参数估计研究中的 进展与展望

掌握火星土壤的力学参数是保障火星车顺利完成巡视探测的关键。通过对已成功开展的火星巡视探测任务进行汇总，探讨了复杂火星地貌对火星车移动性能的影响，分析了基于地面力学理论的火星土壤力学参数估计方法，包括：基于车轮的火星壤在轨力学参数估计方法和基于轮壤力学模型的力学参数辨识方法。最后，对未来关于地面力学在星壤力学参数评估进行了探讨。     

Real-time sensor fault detection and isolation for LEO satellite attitude estimation through magnetometer data

Attitude estimation is a critical component of the Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) of any satellite. It is used to convert the sensor observation data to an estimated attitude using filtering algorithms. However, in the presence of sensor faults, the ADCS fails to achieve the desired attitude accuracy. In this paper, the Fault Tolerant Extended Kalman Filter (FTEKF) is proposed to handle this imperfection. In accordance, various filtering steps are included in the FTEKF design to enhance both attitude estimation and sensor fault detection. The developed algorithm can detect and isolate any unexpected sensor faults in real time, which provides a reliable attitude estimation. A comparative study with the classical and robust Kalman filters is performed through numerical simulations in order to validate the effectiveness of the adopted filter in case of magnetometer fault data.     

(0.1～1.8)GHz SiGe HBT超宽带低噪声放大电路设计

本文选用SiGe材料低噪声放大芯片，设计了一款(0.1~1.8)GHz小型低功耗超宽带低噪声放大器（LNA）。该LNA采用两级放大结构，负反馈方式实现宽带匹配，级间和输出端匹配采用小阻值电阻提高电路稳定性，电路尺寸为35mm×15mm。测试结果表明：工作频率为(0.1~1.8)GHz，在室温条件下，增益为30dB，噪声系数<0.82dB，增益平坦度<0.5dB，输入输出回波损耗<-10dB，直流功耗为41.8mW；在-40℃低温条件下，增益为32dB，增益平坦度、输入输出回波损耗、直流功耗与室温下一致，噪声系数<0.69dB。设计过程与测试结果验证了本文中使用室温SiGe放大管的S参数计算-40℃温度下该芯片S参数方法的可行性。     

低成本集群自主协同与控制问题研究

随着集群技术的发展,未来军事任务中精确打击将由单一作战向协同攻击的模式扩展,而集群打击中的低成本实现是一项重要的关键技术。对国外集群协同控制的低成本实现研究进行了调研,结合成熟货架产品开展了低成本集群的体系架构设计,针对集群协同与控制中延迟与精度两项性能参数进行了因子实验与统计,最后分析了未来作战中集群打击的应用模式。     

考虑模态质量耦合的随机振动准静态载荷计算

针对目前模态质量参与法没有考虑模态质量耦合影响而导致模态密集时随机振动准静态载荷计算出现较大误差，从多自由度振动方程出发，利用模态理论和随机谱理论，分析推导出包含模态质量耦合作用的完全模态质量参与法，分析了耦合项的影响规律。此改进的模态质量参与法可用于计算包括密集模态在内的随机振动准静态载荷，并针对模态频率比大于0.95的密集模态给出简化计算公式。以一个算例验证了密集模态的准静态加速度载荷计算。     

太阳系边际探测飞行任务规划

针对太阳系边际探测任务，开展了星际多目标飞越的任务规划，采用小推力混合优化设计方法完成了基于借力飞行及电推进技术的行星际转移轨道联合优化设计，对比研究了面向日球层鼻尖和尾部探测的星际多目标探测飞行方案。研究表明，探测器在2024-2025年发射，可飞抵日球层鼻尖区域，在2027-2030年发射可飞抵日球层尾部区域，并可在2049年1月1日前飞离日心100 AU，实现太阳系边际空间的科学探测。其中日球层鼻尖探测任务探测器飞抵100 AU的位置位于鼻尖中心区域，可与旅行者1号、2号探测器形成有效互补。文章所用任务规划方法，可为太阳系边际探测的自主任务规划技术提供基础，相关研究成果能够为未来中国首次太阳系边际探测任务的实施提供有价值的参考。     

Estimation of differential code biases with Jason-2/3 onboard GPS observations

With the continuous deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, the estimation of differential code biases (DCBs) based on GNSS observations from LEO has gained increasing attention. Previous studies on LEO-based DCB estimation are usually using the spherical symmetry ionosphere assumption (SSIA), in which a uniform electron density is assumed in a thick shell. In this study, we propose an approach (named the SHLEO method) to simultaneously estimate the satellite and LEO onboard receiver DCBs by modeling the distribution of the global plasmaspheric total electron content (PTEC) above the satellite orbit with a spherical harmonic (SH) function. Compared to the commonly used SSIA method, the SHLEO model improves the GPS satellite DCB estimation accuracy by 13.46% and the stability by 22.34%, respectively. Compared to the GPS satellite DCBs estimated based on the Jason-3-only observations, the accuracy and monthly stability of the satellite DCBs can be improved by 14.42% and 26.8% when both Jason-2 and Jason-3 onboard observations are jointly processed. Compared with the Jason-2 solutions, the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations have an improved consistency of better than 18.26% and 9.71% with the products provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Taking the DCB products provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) as references, there is no improvement in accuracy of the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations than the Jason-2 solutions alone. A periodic variation is found in the time series of both the Jason-3 and Jason-2 onboard receiver DCB estimates. Preliminary analysis of the PTEC distribution based on the estimated SH coefficients are also presented.     

Multi-objective optimal formation reconfiguration with scalarization and stochastic boundaries

A new method is proposed for multi-objective optimal control of satellite formation reconfiguration. First, necessary optimality conditions of single-objective fuel-optimal reconfiguration are studied. Problem of initial guess of the costate and control discontinuity are addressed by using a new developed stochastic based method. Terminal conditions of Two Point Boundary Value Problem (TPBVP) of the optimal control equations are relaxed using augmented Gaussian. Variances or bandwidths of the terminal conditions are set to decision variables to be optimized. Responses of varied initial costate are modeled and propagated using Riccati equation. Using quadratic convolution of relaxed terminal conditions, objective function of the fuel-optimal problem is reformulated into a quadratic equation, and a gradient based optimizer is used to search the optimal initial guess. In the second part of the paper, optimal control of format flying reconfiguration with two competitive objectives:fuel and time of flight (ToF) is studied. With Pascoletti-Serafini scalarization, the Multi-objective Optimal Control Problem (MOCP) is scalarized into a set of weighted Single-objective Optimal Control Problems (SOCP). Hamiltonian and switch function for the weighted SOCP are developed and constructed. New developed stochastic based approach is then used to search the optimal Pareto solutions. Verification and performances of proposed algorithms are demonstrated through numerical simulations of single-objective and multi-objective optimal control of low-thrust elliptical orbit formation reconfiguration. Potential applications of the algorithms to some other preliminary space mission designs are also discussed.     

Testing the improvement of performance of the IRI model in the estimation of TEC over the mid-latitude American regions

This paper mainly discusses the improvement of performance of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model in estimating the variation of the Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) over the mid latitude American regions during the relatively low (2008–2010) and relatively high (2012) solar activity years. This has been conducted employing the VTEC values obtained from the dual frequency ground based Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers located at Mineral Area Community College, MACC (37.85°N, 269.52°W) and Mississippi County Airport, MAIR (36.85°N, 270.64°W), and the latest versions of the IRI online model (IRI 2007, IRI 2012 and IRI 2016). The study mainly focuses to compare the trend of variability of the monthly and seasonal modeled VTEC values (IRI 2007 VTEC, IRI 2012 VTEC and IRI 2016 VTEC) with the corresponding measured VTEC values (GPS VTEC). The overall results show that the IRI VTEC values (almost in all versions of the model) are generally smaller than the GPS VTEC except after about 15:00 UT (09:00 LT) in the December solstice when the Sun shifts to the high solar activity. On the contrary, overestimations of the VTEC values by the model are observed in traversing from the low solar activity (2008) to high solar activity (2012) phase, especially after about 15:00 UT (09::00 LT) with the IRI 2016 version showing the highest. In general, the IRI 2007 and IRI 2012 versions show similar monthly and seasonal underestimations or overestimations showing that the two versions have almost similar performance. The IRI 2016 version is generally better in capturing both the diurnal and arithmetic mean GPS VTEC values with some exceptional months and seasons as compared to those of the IRI 2007 and IRI 2012 versions.     

收敛-扩张喷管中运用次流推力矢量控制技术的计算研究

采用二阶1TVD格式的有限体积法耦合RNGκ-ε湍流模型和非平衡壁面函数求解二维守恒型雷诺平均N-S方程,数值模拟了运用次流椎力矢量控制技术的二维收敛-扩张喷管中的流动现象。计算结果表明,随着喷管压比的增加,次流喷射所产生的激波向扩张段下游移动,且喷管矢量角不断减小到一固定值;次流压比的增加将导致激波向扩张段上游移动,且喷管矢量角不断增加;次流压比对激波和矢量角的影响比喷管压比更强。