大型转动机械碰摩故障分析的声发射检测系统

汽轮发电机、空气压缩机等采用油膜支撑的大型转动机械,由于安装或运行中的原因,在转子旋转过程中,可能和器壁发生轻微的摩擦和碰击,简称碰摩.声发射技术在碰摩发生特别是故障早期诊断上有优越性.本系统的特点是没有沿用传统的计数、幅度、能量和持续时间等声发射特性参数,而是在声发射包络信号的频率分析中进行特征提取.声发射发生的过程分析和现场试验都表明这种方法对碰摩检测很敏感,在碰摩发生的起始阶段,包络谱中与转速同步的周期性分量显著增加.根据这种新的设计思想自行研制了BUAA碰摩声发射检测仪并对此作了介绍.     

环路热管内工质流动特性的研究

由于环路热管（LHP）具有高传热性能、远距离传输热量、优良的控温特性和管路的可任意弯曲、安装方便等特点，使LHP在航天热控领域有着广泛的应用前景。文章对LHP内工质的流动压力降进行了分析和计算；对毛细芯所能提供的最大蒸发传热能力进行了预测，并结合实验研究综合分析了毛细芯结构对LHP性能的影响。     

动态系统的容错技术

所讨论的动态系统的容错技术包括故障检测、故障定位和系统重构技术。文中研究了基于数学模型的容错技术，讨论了因数学模型不准而引起的故障检测和定位不鲁棒的问题，提出了若干增强鲁棒性的方法，对故障后的系统重构问题也作了简要介绍。     

相位自动跟踪检测系统

介绍一种适用于自动化的相位跟踪检测系统。该系统采用新的相位测量方法——平均相位角法,消除了过零触发电路中固有的直流电平带来的相位偏移引起的相位测量误差。同时,设计了新颖的用于自动测量的相对计数时间/频率转换电路,在激光干涉比长仪1m行程内实时检测相位变化,保证了激光干涉比长仪的测量精度,提高了自动化程度。     

应用加权中值滤波法检测薄壁梁式挠性器件下摆量

应用加权中值滤波法对薄壁梁式挠性器件下摆量进行高准确度CCD检测。薄壁梁式挠性器件在测量过程中测量图像存在高频抖动现象,因此测量准确度不高,运用加权中值滤波后使用最小二乘法细分技术,可以在实现提高测量准确度的同时,消除高频抖动带来的误差,从而可以有效提高CCD测量薄壁梁式挠性器件下摆量的准确度。实验表明,该方法比传统测量方法准确度提高20倍以上。     

光电感烟与电子差定温组合探测器的研究

论述了光电感烟与电子式差定温组合探测器的工作原理，设计方法及应用前景，该组合探测器具有对烟、温度的探测功能，并能通过地址编码底座的向控制器发送预报警和报警两种相关的频率信号，极大地提高了火灾自动报警系统早期预报的可靠性，降低了误报率及成本是一种具有良好发展前景的新型火灾探测器。     

基于压力信号分析的轴流式压气机失速预测

为了得到压气机工作状态的稳定观测点,并建立压气机近喘失速工作状态与压气机压力信号的相关关系,本文针对低速双级轴流式压气机,分别进行了均匀进气及畸变进气条件下不同转速的近喘失速试验,实时动态测量标定压气机由正常工作到失速工况下压力信号,并在时域内提出了一种基于自相关系数的压气机失速预测算法,对进口、出口以及压气机首级转子叶尖位置压力信号预测分析。结果表明所提出的预测算法具有良好的失速预测能力,且发现叶尖处离叶片前缘20%的位置,最适宜作为压气机失速预测的观测点,此时压气机叶尖压力自相关性数据与压气机喘振裕度具有明显的单调相关性。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术研究现状

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术是改进和提高运载火箭、航天器可靠性与安全性的核心技术之一,对其进行研究具有重要的学术价值和工程应用价值。液体火箭发动机健康监控技术的研究主要包括液体火箭发动机故障检测与诊断理论方法、液体火箭发动机健康监控系统两方面。该文介绍了基于模型驱动的方法、基于数据驱动的方法和基于人工智能的方法,阐明了液体火箭发动机故障检测与诊断理论方法的研究现状,通过对美国液体火箭发动机典型健康监控系统的介绍,阐明了液体火箭发动机健康监控系统研究的若干进展及现状,并对液体火箭推进系统健康监控技术的演变趋势作了简要评述。     

Hybrid integration method for highly maneuvering radar target detection based on a Markov motion model

To detect highly maneuvering radar targets in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, a hybrid long-time integration method is proposed, which combines Radon-Fourier Transform (RFT), Dynamic Programming (DP), and Binary Integration (BI), named RFT-DP-BI. A Markov model with unified range-velocity quantification is formulated to describe the maneuvering target’s motion. Based on this model, long-time hybrid integration is performed. Firstly, the whole integration time is divided into multiple time segments and coherent integration is performed in each segment via RFT. Secondly, non-coherent integration is performed in all segments via DP. Thirdly, 2/4 binary integration is performed to further improve the detection performance. Finally, the detection results are exported together with target range and velocity trajectories. The proposed method can perform the long-time integration of highly maneuvering targets with arbitrary forms of motion. Additionally, it has a low computational cost that is linear to the integration time. Both simulated and real radar data demonstrate that it offers good detection and estimation performances.