中心分级燃烧室主燃级设计参数的试验研究

为研究中心分级燃烧室的主燃级设计,本文设计了多个主燃级方案,并在单头部燃烧室试验件上开展试验研究。试验结果表明：燃油飞行时间对燃烧效率影响最大,喷点个数和旋流数对燃烧效率也有一定的影响,级间距对燃烧效率的影响主要体现在小状态;级间距、喷点个数对NOx排放影响最大。在本次研究的试验方案中级间距变化对燃烧稳定性的表现有明显的影响。     

Experimental study on NOx emission correlation of fuel staged combustion in a LPP combustor at high pressure based on NO-chemiluminescence

Experimental investigations on NO_x emissions of a single-cup, Lean Premixed Prevaporized (LPP), module combustor were carried out at elevated inlet temperature and pressure up to 810 K and 2.0 MPa, close to the real operating conditions of aero-engine combustors. This LPP combustor adopts centrally staged fuel injections which could produce separated stratified swirling spray flame. In the NO_x emissions measurements, the ranges of dome equivalence ratio and fuel stage ratio were from 0.55 to 0.58 and 8% to 24%, respectively. The optical diagnosis on separated stratified swirling spray flame were carried out with fuel stage ratio changing from 15% to 30%. Therefore, NO* and OH* chemiluminescence images were obtained. The results show that NO_x emissions increase with the increase of the fuel stage ratio. And from the chemiluminescence images, the main flame and pilot flame are found weakly coupled. The pilot flame plays a significant role in NO_x emission production because of its higher adiabatic flame temperature. Based on the results of chemiluminescence optical tests, a new NO_x emission prediction model is proposed based on the Lefebvre’s single flame model. The estimate of local equivalence ratio of the pilot stage’s non-premixed flame is modified considering the characteristics of spray combustion, and a “PLUS” emission prediction model suitable for separated stratified swirling spray flame is obtained. Compared to the experimental data, the “PLUS” model exhibits a good prediction in a range of ±13% of deviation.     

对接综合试验台轨迹规划算法研究

为实现模拟空间两飞行器对接动力学过程的对接综合试验台的平稳对接，提出了一种基于加速度控制的轨迹规划算法。给出了不同初始条件下的规划方法，以及时转动自由度的特殊处理。物理试验结果表明，规划模型能精确控制平台从初始零位运动到主被动对接机构初次接触位置，且最后时刻平台姿态与对接试验的初始条件完全吻合。该算法可直接用于对接综合试验台的控制。     

Hybrid method based on flame volume concept for lean blowout limits prediction of aero engine combustors

The Lean Blowout (LBO) limit is crucial for the aircraft engines. The semi-empirical (such as Lefebvre’s LBO model and Flame Volume (FV) model), numerical and hybrid methods are widely utilized for the LBO limit quick prediction. An innovative hybrid method based on the FV concept is proposed. This method can be classified as a semi-empirical/physical based hybrid prediction method. In this hybrid method, it is assumed that the flame volume varies nearly linearly with the fuel/air ratio near the LBO. The flame volume is obtained directly by the numerical simulation using the threshold value of the visible flame boundary as 900 K. Then the final LBO limits is determined by the FV model. On the premise of keeping the good generality of prediction, the hybrid method based on the FV concept can further improve the prediction accuracy. The comparison with the prediction of the existing available methods on fifteen combustors shows that the hybrid method based on the FV concept achieves better prediction accuracy. The prediction uncertainties between the experimental results and the predicted values by the hybrid method based on the FV concept are within about ±10%.     

钝体后预混火焰稳定机理与钝体尺寸间关系的研究

为了进一步理解火焰稳定的详细机理,采用钝体作为火焰稳定机理的研究模型,详细分析了火焰根部流场特性对于火焰稳定的影响。研究了二维通道中不同尺寸V型钝体在不同进口速度下的反应流场,分析了预混煤油火焰根部特性。进口煤油和空气的当量比为Φ=0.6,进口温度300K,环境压力0.1MPa。结果显示在钝体分别为小尺寸、中间尺寸和大尺寸时,钝体后火焰根部特征、回流区特征和火焰根部位置随进口速度变化的规律都各不相同。当D=1mm钝体尺寸较小时,速度从0.4m/s增加到0.48m/s,一个火焰根部向下游移动4.5mm;当D=8mm钝体为中间尺寸时,来流速度从1m/s增加到5m/s,两个火焰根部首先向下游移动7mm,再向上游移动3.7mm;当D=32mm钝体尺寸较大时,来流速度从5m/s增加到25m/s,两个火焰根部均向上游移动2mm。     

亚燃冲压模型燃烧室高空负压试验

为了验证亚燃冲压燃烧室在高空负压条件下稳定工作的能力,设计了带蒸发式值班火焰稳定器与直射式喷油装置的亚燃冲压模型燃烧室,对该模型燃烧室进行了冷态流阻试验、贫油熄火边界试验以及不同截面燃烧效率试验研究。研究结果表明,试验件的冷态流阻系数略大于1,冷态总压恢复系数0.98以上;蒸发式火焰稳定器贫油熄火边界较宽;两截面燃烧效率最低相差6%,最高相差19%,在高空负压条件下,增加燃烧段长度能显著提高燃烧效率。     

折流燃烧室间接点火过程研究

为了研究某折流燃烧室的间接点火过程,对三种不同初始火核位置的燃烧室进行大涡模拟计算,并结合燃烧室点火试验和性能试验进行验证。研究结果表明：折流燃烧室的主燃区可分为三个区域,分别是主回流区、横跨气流区以及次回流区;燃烧室点火成功的关键在于初始火炬进入次回流区;通过大涡模拟计算得到的贫油点火边界油气比与点火试验结果的绝对误差在0.004以内。     

LPP低污染燃烧室两相喷雾燃烧数值研究

提出一种带有多点燃油直接喷射双环预混旋流(TAPS/MLDI)头部的贫油预混预蒸发(LPP)低污染圆筒燃烧室,为了获得该燃烧室两相喷雾燃烧流场与燃烧性能,利用Fluent数值研究三种LPP燃烧室头部方案和四种进口工况.计算结果表明:(1) LPP燃烧室头部冷态流场存在中心回流区、角落回流区和唇口回流区,流场结果与PIV试验结果吻合较好.(2)在头部方案不变的情况下,工况从100％推力下降到7％推力时,出口平均温度逐渐下降,污染物NOx排放相应减少.(3)在进口工况不变时,头部方案B燃烧性能相对最优.(4)热力型NOx的生成速率与燃气温度超过1950K区域的大小和最高燃气温度直接相关,热力型NOx的生成主要分布在火焰锋面附近.     

涡轮问燃烧室贫油熄火特性的试验研究

以应用于某涡轴发动机的涡轮级间燃烧室为研究背景,设计并加工多方案3头部涡轮级间燃烧室试验件,试验研究了主流马赫数、主流温度、凹腔深宽比和凹腔后体高度变化对其贫油熄火性能的影响。试验结果表明：贫油熄火余气系数随主流马赫数的增大而减小,随主流温度的升高而增大,但主流温度的变化不如主流马赫数变化对贫油熄火性能的影响大;后体进气量的增加对提高贫油熄火性能有利;凹腔深宽比和凹腔后体高度的变化对贫油熄火性能有一定影响;深宽比为0．8、后体高度为30mm且在后体开槽的试验件的贫油熄火性能最好。     

“工学六合”人才培养模式的探索与实践

长沙航空职业技术学院在人才培养模式上不断创新,探索出“工学六合”的人才培养模式,即专业设置与市场需求相结合、课程体系与工作过程相结合、课程标准与岗位要求相结合、教学情境与工作环境相结合、顶岗实习与学生就业相结合、学校考核与企业评价相结合等。