激光、红外隐身兼容涂料的前景分析

红外探测技术、激光探测技术、电子战等因素使得红外波段中的隐身技术变得更为重要。在同一波段范围同时达到红外与激光的隐身兼容是热平衡理论所面临的难题。要做到红外和激光的隐身兼容，就必须克服两者对材料的一对矛盾要求。在分别介绍了红外、激光隐身的原理后，提出了红外激光复合隐身的设想，并分析了两种央技术的互相制约及兼容的可能性。     

空间推进系统铝合金组件激光焊阈值特性

为解决空间推进系统直属组件轻量化需求，对新采用的铝合金材料进行了激光焊阈值特性研究。结果表明，铝合金激光焊阈值区间与焊接速度和离焦量的绝对值正相关，但正向变化幅度远低于不锈钢、镍合金和钛合金等材料。对于光束质量不同的激光焊机来说，光束的焦斑直径越小，实焦焊时阈值区间越低；光束的发散角越小，相同离焦量下阈值区间越低。在-12°～12°内，铝合金激光焊阈值区间与入射角无关。保护气的吹送方向和吹送速度基本不改变铝合金激光焊的阈值区间，此特性与不锈钢等材料略有区别。     

Effect of adding Nb foil on joint properties of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy

It is difficult to gain effective Ti-Al fusion welding joints due to their differences in thermal properties and the appearance of brittle Ti-Al Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs). The experiments of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy were carried out, temperature field and ductility/brittleness, as well as chemical potential of elements, were calculated, and the effect of adding Nb foil on mechanical properties of the weld was also investigated. The results suggested that Nb atoms tend to diffuse toward Al side, which is conducive to the participation of Nb in the metallurgical reaction and contributes to forming the Ti-Nb-Al IMC layer at the interface. As the thickness of Nb foil increases, the tensile-shear force of joint climbs first but then declines, and reaches the highest value of 1663 N with 0.10 mm-thickness Nb foil, representing 58.38% enhancement compared with the non-added one. Adding Nb foil slows down the heat transfer as a blocker, and thus both the melting amount of Al and the mixing area of Ti and Al decrease. In addition, Nb alloying reduces the brittleness of the Ti-Al compound. Hence, the joint properties of titanium/aluminum are improved with the addition of Nb foil.     

基于码元同步环路的激光测距通信一体化算法优化研究

精密测距与高速通信一体化技术已发展成为星间激光链路的主要研究方向之一。为了探究基于空间激光通信系统的通信解调算法对测距性能的影响机理，根据现有的激光通信系统架构，分析了测距通信一体化系统的工作原理，搭建了基于码元同步的激光测距通信一体化系统模型，分析了基于Gardner同步环路信号跟踪系统的测距精度，并对鉴相算法进行了优化。理论和仿真证明，优化后的码元同步环能够同时实现码元同步判决和距离解算，并得到了4 dB的噪声容忍度提升，其测距方差主要与基带成型滤波参数、环路带宽、载噪比以及鉴相增益等因素有关。该算法简洁，不受载波相位影响，对高阶调制具有良好的兼容性，适用于空间激光链路系统，丰富了测距通信一体化理论，为后续一体化系统设计提供了仿真依据。     

基于GO法的Nd：YAG侧面泵浦激光器可靠性分析

本文报道了基于GO（Goad Oriented）法的Nd∶YAG侧面泵浦激光器可靠性分析，建立了Nd∶YAG侧面泵浦激光器的GO图模型，定性分析了Nd∶YAG侧面泵浦激光器的薄弱环节，定量计算了激光头中各薄弱环节的可靠性结果，包括等效故障率λ_R、等效维修率μ_R、平均无故障工作时间（MTBF）等；并定量计算了KTP晶体故障率的改善对Nd∶YAG侧面泵浦激光器可靠性提高的影响。本文中建立的GO图模型可为Nd∶YAG侧面泵浦激光的优化及可靠性评价提供理论依据。     

空间激光通信调制技术的研究进展

空间激光通信系统具有传输速率高、体积小、质量轻、功耗低等特点，适用于卫星高速数据传输。激光通信调制技术作为空间激光通信系统的一项关键技术，是影响系统通信性能的主要因素之一。首先，介绍空间激光通信调制技术的原理及其分类，并对其优缺点做比较分析，再对激光调制的关键技术进行阐述；然后，从发展阶段与应用环境角度对国内外已报道的空间激光通信调制技术研究进展进行总结；最后，对空间激光通信调制技术的发展趋势进行展望。     

激光熔化沉积快速成形TC4钛合金的焊接性能

为了探索激光熔化沉积快速成形技术制备TC4钛合金的焊接性能,分别采用电子束焊、激光焊两种方法制备接头试样,并借助金相、硬度试验等方法获得接头力学性能、显微组织及硬度。结果表明:两种焊接方法得到的接头抗拉强度最高达953 MPa,焊接系数均0.9;激光和电子束焊接焊缝为网篮状α'相马氏体组织,热影响区为α相和针状马氏体组织组成。激光熔化沉积快速成形TC4钛合金和传统工艺制造的TC4钛合金在焊接特性方面表现相当。     

GH3625合金激光直接成形工艺

为了研究工艺参数对金属激光直接成形零件质量的影响,通过正交试验的方法对单道单层GH3625合金激光直接成形工艺进行了研究,主要探究了激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速度等参数对单道单层成形截面宽度和高度的影响规律,提出预测模型并做了验证。结果表明,在单道单层成形中,激光功率、送粉速度、扫描速度等工艺参数对单道宽度和高度具有不同程度的影响,其中,对于单道成形宽度和高度来讲,扫描速度对其影响最为明显。试验验证结果表明借助Minitab软件得到的线性回归模型是有效的。     

Time resolved study of laser triggered electric discharge spark in atmosphere: Machine learning approach

In this paper we analyze the possibilities of using machine learning algorithms for analysis of optical spectra of electric discharge spark in atmosphere. Breakdown in air can be initiated by intense laser pulse, making plasma which has a significant electrical conductivity. The formed plasma can be further maintained by electric current obtained from capacitor discharge. In such a case the capacitor voltage can be much lower than the striking voltage (the voltage needed to initiate the electric breakdown in air). Present setup has timing precision and low jitter of fast laser and arbitrary high energies corresponding to capacitance and voltage to which the capacitor is charged. We have used a streak camera equipped with a spectrograph to analyze optical emission of plasma obtained in this way. Q-switched Nd:Yag laser was used to achieve the initial breakdown in air. Machine learning methods were used in order to classify optical spectra of plasmas with different electron temperatures obtained with different excitation energies. We have shown that, instead of using the usual way of identifying the spectral peaks and calculating their intensity ratio, it is possible to train the computer software to recognize the spectra corresponding to different electron temperatures. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of problem. We present possibilities of plasma electron temperature estimation based on several clustering algorithms.     

基于惯性/激光测距/视觉里程计组合的高空场景尺度误差估计方法

惯性/视觉感知信息融合导航定位技术是目前实现无人机不依赖卫星自主导航的最有效手段。但对于面向高空场景的大型无人机，惯性器件误差与视觉里程计尺度误差耦合且特征平面化导致可观测性下降。针对这一问题，提出了利用惯性/激光测距/视觉里程计组合实现尺度误差估计的方法。通过开展误差模型建立、激光测量点与图像中位置匹配、无人机平飞机动下系统可观测性分析等关键技术研究，实现了高空场景下尺度误差的精确估计。经过300m高度机载试验数据验证，算法精度优于1.5%D，对卫星拒止条件下高空无人机自主导航具有重要意义。