Reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction structure analysis based on large eddy simulation

In order to understand the physical phenomenon of the reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is conducted to investigate shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction in a $12°$ compression ramp with inlet high Mach number of 2.9. Rescaling/recycling method is used as inflow turbulence generation technique and validated on a supersonic flat plate turbulent boundary layer. The flow field of recycling plane in the plate computation domain is obtained to give the inlet boundary condition for the LES computation. This paper focuses on the reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction region, where the fine flow structure and instantaneous flow field are analyzed in detail. It is found that the unsteady motion of the shock wave leads to the increase of wall pressure fluctuation.     

大型复杂构件制造过程残余应力演化与调控

归纳了残余应力的基本类型及各类残余应力的计算机仿真方法，概述了残余应力形成与演化行为及残余应力调控技术的研究现状。以机械臂基座本体淬火过程为例，展示了有限元仿真在大型复杂构件残余应力演化行为分析上的应用；以工字型材模压去应力为例，通过有限元仿真重现了变截面构件模压去应力的过程并分析了模压去应力的影响因素。讨论了残余应力仿真预测与调控技术应用于组件及其涵盖构件制造-服役全寿命周期的可行性，预测了其集成于智能制造技术体系的巨大潜力。     

Study of riblet drag reduction for an infinite span wing with different sweep angles

This paper studies the riblet drag reduction effect for an infinite swept wing under a low Reynolds number using a large-eddy simulation. The results show that the drag reduction ratio is not linear under different sweep angles. The maximum drag reduction ratio in this study is 9.5% for a wing with a 45° sweep angle. The local surface streamline angle and turbulence quantities are calculated to analyze the drag reduction mechanism. The results demonstrate that the riblets considerably suppress the Reynolds stresses above the wing upper surface, while the turbulence kinetic energy in the near wake is increased. A possible relaminarization phenomenon is observed at the middle part of the wing. Quasi-two-dimensional flow structures are observed near the wall, and a peak frequency is considered as the dominant frequency of the region.     

旋转对气膜冷却影响的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟,考察了旋转影响气膜冷却的物理机制。参考实验模型,用带有30°倾斜圆柱孔的平板模拟涡轮转子叶片的吸力面,冷气出口雷诺数为1300,冷气和主流的吹风比为0.5,计算了静止和旋转数为0.2两种条件下的流动和换热,全面展示了旋转对平均流场、涡量、湍流结构和壁面温度分布的影响,并由此对实验现象进行了解释。结果表明,旋转使气膜孔下游的对转涡对产生不对称性;旋转引发的哥氏力使气膜冷却流场中的发夹型漩涡结构向高半径方向偏移,引起涡量分布的改变;旋转破坏了发夹涡的连续性,减少了对主流的卷吸和主流传递给冷气的热量,从而提高了冷却核心区的冷却效率,与实验中观察到的现象一致。     

Ionospheric path delay models for spaceborne GPS receivers flying in formation with large baselines

GPS relative navigation filters could benefit notably from an accurate modeling of the ionospheric delays, especially over large baselines (>100 km) where double difference delays can be higher than several carrier wavelengths. This paper analyzes the capability of ionospheric path delay models proposed for spaceborne GPS receivers in predicting both zero-difference and double difference ionospheric delays. We specifically refer to relatively simple ionospheric models, which are suitable for real-time filtering schemes. Specifically, two ionospheric delay models are evaluated, one assuming an isotropic electron density and the other considering the effect on the electron density of the Sun aspect angle. The prediction capability of these models is investigated by comparing predicted ionospheric delays with measured ones on real flight data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission, in which two satellites fly separated of more than 200 km. Results demonstrate that both models exhibit a correlation in the excess of 80% between predicted and measured double-difference ionospheric delays. Despite its higher simplicity, the isotropic model performs better than the model including the Sun effect, being able to predict double differenced delays with accuracy smaller than the carrier wavelength in most cases. The model is thus fit for supporting integer ambiguity fixing in real-time filters for relative navigation over large baselines. Concerning zero-difference ionospheric delays, results demonstrate that delays predicted by the isotropic model are highly correlated (around 90%) with those estimated using GPS measurements. However, the difference between predicted and measured delays has a root mean square error in the excess of 30 cm. Thus, the zero-difference ionospheric delays model is not likely to be an alternative to methods exploiting carrier-phase observables for cancelling out the ionosphere contribution in single-frequency absolute navigation filters.     

Relativistic proton production at the Sun in the 20 January 2005 solar event

Based on the concept of multiple acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEP) we analyzed the super-event of 20 January 2005 by the data of ground level, balloon and spacecraft observations. The main characteristics of relativistic solar protons (energy spectra, anisotropy directions and pitch-angle distributions) are derived and their dynamics during the event is studied. It is shown that the flux of relativistic solar protons may consist of two distinct components, the so-called prompt and delayed ones. Within a two-source model of particle generation, one of which is associated with an expanding magnetic loop, we solved the transport equation in energy phase space, including adiabatic losses simultaneously with the stochastic acceleration process, and calculate the expected spectra of the delayed component at the source. The confrontation of experimental spectra with theoretical ones shows that the delayed component may be correctly described by stochastic acceleration, but not the prompt component. The required acceleration efficiencies turned out to be rather high, so that, for this particular event, adiabatic cooling is practically negligible. Our results provide a new support to the existence of two populations of relativistic solar protons in some SEP events.     

合成气旋流预混燃烧的大涡模拟

如何高效洁净地燃烧合成气是整体煤气化联合循环(IGcc)系统中面临的主要问题.利用旋流贫燃预混燃烧可以达到强化传热传质,提高燃烧反应效率,降低NOx等目的,但由于合成气中所含有的H2成分,同样面临燃烧不稳定问题.为了对合成气旋流预混燃烧室的燃烧不稳定性及污染物排放提供理论和数值上的指导,采用大涡模拟方法,对典型的旋流预混燃烧室中的合成气燃烧进行了模拟.结果显示,随着H2含量的增加,火焰缩短向上游发展,燃烧室下游涡破碎更加集中.较高的入口雷诺数,加剧了涡团破碎的程度和速度,同时影响中心回流区和几何回流区的大小及分布.随着当量比的减小,火焰褶皱程度加大,燃烧趋向不稳定.增大压力火焰长度会明显缩短,NOx排放量也会随之增大,但NOx的反应速率只有在较低压力下才会对压力变化比较敏感.     

Ionospheric storm of September 2017 observed at ionospheric station Pruhonice,the Czech Republic

The ionospheric effects induced by the September 2017 storm have been exceptional compared to other events in the solar cycle 24. This paper gathers results of the ionospheric observations at the European middle latitude station Pruhonice. It consists of evaluation of ionospheric vertical and oblique sounding, Digisonde drift measurement, and data obtained from the Continuous Doppler Sounding System. We observed strong ionospheric response with an unusual stratification of ionospheric layers, Large Scale Traveling ionospheric disturbances, changes in electron density, and increase and oscillations in plasma drift velocity.     

Optimization design of chiral hexagonal honeycombs with prescribed elastic properties under large deformation

Flexible chiral honeycomb cores generally exhibit nonlinear elastic properties due to large geometric deformation. The effective elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratio typically vary with an increase in deformation. Here, the size and shape optimization of the chiral hexagonal honeycombs was performed to keep the Young’s moduli and Poisson's ratio unchanged under large deformations. The size of the honeycomb unit cell and the position coordinates of the key points were defined simultaneously as design variables. The equivalent Young's modulus and Poisson’s ratio of chiral honeycombs were calculated through geometric nonlinear analysis. The objective was to minimize the allowable tolerance between the prescribed and actual properties within the range of the target strain. A genetic algorithm was then adopted. The optimal results demonstrate that the chiral honeycombs can maintain effective elastic properties that do not vary under large deformation. These results are meaningful to morphing aircraft designs.     

大口径超轻型反射镜定位和支撑方案研究

地球静止轨道光学遥感器的发展以及遥感器分辨率的不断提高,使得光学遥感器的口径越来越大,大口径反射镜正在成为制约遥感器性能、质量和研制成本的关键因素。本文主要围绕2m口径的超轻型反射镜开展研究,分析了定位和支撑系统的主要功能,提出了适合大口径、超轻型反射镜的定位和支撑系统方案,分析了该方案的基本原理和实现形式。