超短基线定位技术及在海洋工程中的应用

海洋开发和海防工程等领域都离不开水下定位技术的支持,水声作为水下定位技术中不可或缺的重要手段近年来也获得快速发展。介绍了水声定位中几种常见的技术,针对近年来发展火热的超短基线定位技术及其在海洋工程中的应用进行了着重介绍。收集罗列了目前国内外市场上公布的几款主要的超短基线定位产品及其性能参数,为超短基线方面的研究提供了参考依据。通过对比分析了国内外超短基线定位技术研究之间存在的差距,并展望了超短基线定位技术未来的发展方向。     

基于射频的导航卫星星间链路信息传输与仿真研究

星间链路是导航卫星实现精密定轨和自主导航的关键技术之一。导航卫星通过星间链路完成伪距测量和数据交换,维持系统稳定运行的时空基准,保证系统持续提供精准导航服务。根据全球导航卫星系统的建设情况和发展趋势,首先介绍星间观测和信息传输频段,并从天线特征、多址控制方式和网络拓扑结构等角度分析了射频链路的工作体制。最后,针对实际导航卫星星座,应用OPNET平台建立导航信息传输仿真模型,通过分析信息传输效率,验证了基于射频链路导航信息传输的可行性和有效性,对全球导航卫星系统的星间链路研究具有一定的参考价值。     

A compact, light-weight high data-rate antenna system for remote-sensing orbiters and space exploration

Upcoming space missions utilizing hyperspectral or other high-resolution sensors will generate a vast amount of data in orbit. The average communication duration between a spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO) to a dedicated ground station is short and in addition, due to the high amount of data to be transferred at link times, a high-performance communication system on board of the satellite is indispensable.A solution that provides longer acquisition times with the ground station is to employ a high data-rate inter-satellite link to a geostationary relay satellite, which requires a flat, compact, steerable, light-weight yet robust antenna. Such an antenna system (antenna module plus pointing module) was developed for S-Band at the Institute of Astronautics (Technische Universität München), in cooperation with German space companies, research institutes and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Its successful operation via the geostationary relay satellite Artemis was demonstrated in cooperation with ESA in 2007.This paper describes the evaluation of an antenna system in the Ka-Band, as a successor to be developed in the next two years for high data rates and the various applications of such an antenna system.     

编队飞行航天器的测量通信一体化系统--射频收发器

航天编队飞行必须测定队列的相对位置、姿态和时间,还必须有适当手段在航天器间交换工程数据和科学实验数据。研究和开发射频收发器对于我国发展航天编队飞行技术有特别的紧迫性和现实的意义。本文介绍并分析了国外在研的射频收发器研发情况,提出以实现星上测量、通信、制导、导航和控制一体化为最终目标,逐步、有层次、分阶段地开发射频收发器技术的系列思考和建议。     

一种宽带信道群时延测量方法

针对VLBI(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,甚长基线干涉测量)系统直接相位差分法的群时延测量精度与分辨率存在矛盾,以及线性最小二乘拟合法不适用于群时延失真链路的问题,采用一种基于非线性拟合的宽带信道群时延测量方法,对出现的问题进行分析与仿真,同时进行了实验验证并获取到实测数据。仿真表明,基于非线性拟合的宽带信道群时延测量方法适用于非线性相位系统,而且群时延的测量精度优于直接相位差分法2个量级。实测数据表明,在270~370 MHz频段内,传统的直接相位差分法和线性拟合测量法已失效,而该方法群时延的测量精度优于0.1ns,由此验证非线性拟合法能够以较高精度进行附加相位和群时延特性测量。     

卫星扩频信号抗窄带干扰性能限研究

卫星扩频信号的抗干扰性能关系到卫星链路系统的安全性。在高精度测距和有限星载处理能力约束下增加抗干扰环节会增加信号接收机复杂度并且引入测距误差，定量分析扩频测距中的天然抗窄带干扰能力可以为在什么条件下不需要采取抗干扰措施提供决策，对优化系统设计具有重要意义。本文对扩频测距的抗窄带干扰性能限进行了定量计算、分析，设计了实验测试方法和系统，达到了预期目的。     

北斗2导航卫星星间测距与时间同步技术

针对北斗2导航卫星之间通过星间链路进行距离测量和时间同步以实现星座自主导航功能,提出了一种动态环境下基于伪码高精度距离测量和时间同步技术.它根据狭义相对论中光速不变基本原理,扩展了静态环境下双向测距和时间同步(Two-Way Ranging and Time Transmit,TWRTT)技术,使之适用于北斗2导航卫星这样的动态环境之下.理论、仿真以及工程可实现性分析表明:利用该技术,北斗2导航卫星星间测距精度可达厘米级,时间同步精度优于1ns.     

Effects of physical correlations on long-distance GPS positioning and zenith tropospheric delay estimates

The global positioning system (GPS) has become an essential tool for the high precision navigation and positioning. The quality of GPS positioning results mainly depends on the model’s formulations regarding GPS observations, including both a functional model, which describes the mathematical relationships between the GPS measurements and unknown parameters, and a stochastic model, which reflects the physical properties of the measurements. Over the past two decades, the functional models for GPS measurements have been investigated in considerable detail. However, the stochastic models of GPS observation data are simplified, assuming that all the GPS measurements have the same variance and are statistically independent. Such assumptions are unrealistic. Although a few studies of GPS stochastic models were performed, they are restricted to short baselines and short time session lengths. In this paper, the stochastic modeling for GPS long-baseline and zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) estimates with a 24-h session is investigated using the residual-based and standard stochastic models. Results show that using the different stochastic modelling methods, the total differences can reach as much as 3–6 mm in the baseline component, especially in the height component, and 10 mm in the ZTD estimation. Any misspecification in the stochastic models will result in unreliable GPS baseline and ZTD estimations. Using the residual-based stochastic model, not only the precision of GPS baseline and ZTD estimation is obviously improved, but also the baseline and ZTD estimations are closer to the reference value.     

Collective trajectory planning for satellite swarm using inter-satellite electromagnetic force

The inter-satellite electromagnetic force presents several significant advantages that help to expand its space applications to the multi-satellite missions gradually. For a satellite swarm, whether the electromagnetic force is applied to enable collective maneuver and how to provide a better performance and broader applications for such swarm highlight an important issue. Considering the trajectory planning problem of satellite swarm using inter-satellite electromagnetic force, a behavior-based collective planning scheme is developed by designing the desired velocity of each satellite as the sum of several different behavioral contributions, which are used to represent the internal and external interactions of the swarm. Therefore, the desired configuration is associated with the equilibrium points of the pre-designed kinematical field. Furthermore, the trajectory planning problem could be translated to a parameter optimization problem considering the swarm dynamics with inter-satellite electromagnetic force. Then based on the analysis of the applicability and advantages triggered by integrating the inter-satellite electromagnetic force into such behavior-based planning scheme, the collective trajectory planning problem with sole electromagnetic force actuation and hybrid actuation with thruster are studied respectively. Numerical simulations are carried out to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm, and the satellite swarm performance enhanced by inter-satellite electromagnetic force is discussed at last.     

Development of theoretical approaches to the control of a water-treatment system

The Advanced Life Support/NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (ALS/NSCORT) focuses on research and development of technologies to support human habitation during space missions. This research was done as part of an effort to maintain crewmembers’ water supply in a closed life-support system. The water subsystem was the primary focus of this study because water is one of the most expensive and important resources for human survival.